TOPEKA,
KANSAS, DAILY COMMONWEALTH.
[Miscellaneous
Items.]
Thank to Dr. Sam Dicks, historian at Emporia State
University, we have more items taken from The Commonwealth, starting
with July 9, 1873. MAW
[Note:
The first item is humorous.]
BORDER
EXPLORATIONS.
Special
Postal Cards From the Commonwealth Commissioners.
The
New York Herald Eclipsed In Enterprise.
The
Daily Graphic’s Balloon Venture Completely Outdone.
Excavating
For Indian Remains in Butler County.
DISCOVERY
OF THE LONG LOST SIR ISAAC KALLOCH.
He
is Found Surrounded by a Tumultuous Mob of Natives.
Seeing
the Elephant at Eldorado and Augusta.
Reception of
Crew at Arkansas City.—Eloquent Addresses by the Commissioners.
Departure
for Coffeyville.
Crossing
the Prairies as of Old the Pilgrims Crossed the Sea.
The
Home of “J’ingalls.”—Banking Facilities.—The Great Heat.
Severe
Ravages of the Paper Cholera.
The Commonwealth, July 9, 1873.
NUMBER
ONE.
AUGUSTA,
July 5, 1873.
To the Grand Mogul of the Commonwealth.
SIR: Took in the celebrations, etc., at Augusta and
Eldorado yesterday. About 700 folks here; 2,500 at Eldorado. Start from here to
Arkansas City tomorrow to get the cholera. Col. R.’s face a beautiful
blush-rose tint. Will write you tomorrow. S.
FROM
THE OTHER COMMISSIONER.
HEADQUARTERS
COMMONWEALTH EXPEDITIONARY CORPS, July 5, 1873.
To the Commander in Chief.
SIR: I have the honor to report the complete success
of the COMMONWEALTH expedition for the discovery of Sir Isaac Kalloch. He was
found by the undersigned yesterday, at Eldorado, the seat of a local cannibal
chief named Modoc. Eldorado is a large place, but Modoc requires it all for his
seat. When discovered, Sir Isaac was surrounded by a tumultuous mob of at least
2,500 natives, and was reduced to the last degree of distress, his provisions
having become exhausted, with the exception of a small package of Hennessy. I
relieved his pressing wants from my stores of preserved Crow, and this morning,
much refreshed, he departed, in company with Modoc, for a station called
Wichita, from which point he proposes to explore the Long Horn. He speaks with
much enthusiasm of the rounded limbs of the natives, and expresses no desire to
return. R.
NUMBER
TWO.
ARKANSAS
CITY, July 5, 1873.
To the Most Worshipful Grand Hirokum Jokum.
SIR: We are all here; it is evening, and the sun has
sank behind the western hills. This is a most charming place. There is a chain
of four or five little lakes, nestling amidst thick timber, with green banks,
irregular, clean, and full of numberless persuasions to repose when summer
pants in Topeka and blazes in the sky, “twinkle, twinkle, little star, up above
the world so high.” Permit me to report, most respected chief, that your
distinguished representative (I allude to the Colonel), was honored with a
serenade this evening. I am also happy to state that in response to frequent
calls he appeared on the piazza, struck the position of a Roman gladiator,
opened a dictionary before him, and thus spake to the impatient multitude.
“There are times when the hearts of men are more
easily touched than at others. When the feelings of our better natures tire of
the burdens of active life and turning to more peaceful scenes yield to the
quiet influences of home. Thus it is that I am among you tonight. I feel
honored at the reception you have given me. It is not a diaphanous tribute, but
a spontaneous outburst of the popular feeling in your locality. I know it. I
understand your wants. I am familiar with the motives which ever actuate the
American people—a people rocked in the bosom of two might oceans, whose granite
bound shores are whitened by the floating diaphony of the commercial world;
reaching from the ice fettered lakes of the north to the febrile waves of
Australian seas, comprising the vast interim of five billion acres, whose
alluvial plains, romantic mountains, and mystic rivers rival the wildest
Utopian dreams that ever gathered around the inspired bard as he walked the
amaranthine promenades of Hesperian gardens, is proud Columbia, the land of the
free and the home of the brave. But, gentlemen, I weary you; there is one upon
my right the buckles of whose suspenders I am not worthy to unloose; a legal
gentleman who has the whole United States for a client, whilst I only represent
the Commonwealth of Kansas. (“Hear him,” “hear him.”) S.
ADDITIONAL
INTELLIGENCE.
ON
THE PIAZZA AT ARKANSAS CITY, July 5, 1873.
Oh Thou to Whom This Heart Most Dear.
SIR: In response to the calls of “hear him,” the
eternal attorney above alluded to rose majestically and began casting his
oratorical pearls around him like a Croesus, squandering in the two hours which
he spoke the materials for an octavo volume—giving the listener his richest
thoughts without copyright, or an engagement with a publisher. He detailed the
principal events of our expedition; told how we discovered Sir Isaac; how we
victimized the hotel keepers on our route; how we took our vermifuge; how we
drank the lite blood of a representative of the Atchison Globe who
chanced to invade our territory; how we alleviated the distresses of the
unfortunate, and how virtue becometh its own reward. He said the hospitality of
the people in the country through which we passed was grandly sublime. We were
poorly clad and ye stripped the coats from off our backs; we were hungry and ye
divided your last fire-cracker with us; we were homeless and ye took us in.
Such kindness is overpowering, so much so, that an insult would be absolutely
refreshing to either of us. (A voice: “Let us repair to yonder’s grocery and
partake of the beverages thereof.”) “No, no,” said the speaker, “tempt me not.
Ask me not to go to my cups. I have lived to see and suffer all the evils which
cling around the flowing bowl. I have seen hearth-stones blighted; men shorn of
their manliness; women from whose pale cheeks sorrow had crushed the roses;
children across the golden threshold of whose lives trails the black shadow of
an inebriated pater familias. With these scenes before my mind’s optical
demonstration, I decline your invitation with pleasure.” The sobs of the
audience here became so boisterous that the speaker had to retire. It was a
very impressive occasion, and there was not a dry tear in Arkansas City that
night.
We shall sleep upon our arms tonight and proceed on
our journey in a day or two. We have not yet decided on a programme for future
action, but will give you complete particulars of our subsequent explorations.
P. S. Please forward what little washing of ours has
been handed in since our departure. Will remit by return mail. R.
LATER.—CARD
NUMBER THREE.
Coffeyville,
July 7th, 1873.
To the Presiding Elder of the Commonwealth.
SIR: We arrived here this morning. Col. R. did not
wish to stop; the name Coffey-ville did not sound very pleasantly to his ear.
If it had been Sodawaterville, he says he would have had no hesitation
whatever. I finally induced him to tarry with me, after having him curried off
at the office of the Coffeyville Courier. My wit isn’t a circumstance in comparison with my pathos. You are
aware, I suppose, that this is the home of the distinguished legislator,
“J’ingalls,”—a man who acquired more distinction and notoriety in the late
senatorial unpleasantness than even Pomeroy or York. He bears his blushing
honors with become dignity and permits us to draw at sight on his back—a
kindness which we can never hope to reciprocate. This is a delightful place to
spend the summer; you ought to come down and see us—there is money in it. The
Col. now thinks he will remain here some time, at least until that
“repudiation” matter blows over and the Atchison and Leavenworth papers have
forgotten all their points in regard to the railroad question. I can’t make him
believe but what a railroad has a right to end where it pleases. The air out
here seems to agree with him, and he looks as rosy as a school birl on
commencement day. More anon. S.
THE
VERY LATEST.
KAUGHYVILLE,
July 7, 1873.
Most Potent, Grave and Reverend Senior.
SIR: As will be seen by the heading of this letter, we
are at Kaughyville, and I have been coughing ever since we struck the town. I
would not have stopped here were it not that the town was visited by a terrific
tornado some time last year, and I want to write it up. The people always
appreciate enterprise, you know. “Skoph” is with me still; he is as punctual
and regular in his demands on my exchequer, as are the epistolary visits of our
Great Bend correspondent. The heat here is quite warm. I think it is the
hottest heat I ever saw. My paper collars melted in my trunk yesterday while we
were crossing the prairie. It was the paper cholera that ailed them. I now wear
a handkerchief in place of a collar, and let people imagine I have a sore neck,
or “a cold id de hed,” or whatever the please. We have heard of the shooting
scrape at Atchison and the attorney will hasten home to take charge of the
case. He says these border outrages must be stopped, and the guilty parties
prosecuted to the full extent of the law. “Skoph” is anxious to know if the
editor of the Patriot was fortunate enough to get shot in the melee, or
in the head either. Those monthly statements of my accounts at various places
are received and placed on file. Thanks for sending them. “‘Tis sweet to be
remembered.” Yours in haste, R.
FROM
BUTLER COUNTY.
The
Educators of the Southwest.
The
Town of Eldorado.
Vineyards
of Cowley County, Etc.
The Commonwealth, September 2, 1873.
ELDORADO,
August 22.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
The teachers are wide awake here in the southwest. We
arrived at Wichita on the 18th, and found Judge Emerson, county
superintendent, busily making ready for the onset. Sedgwick is a new county in
which educational matters are as yet imperfectly organized, but the people are
progressive and zealous to do their duty in this regard.
The following well-known educators were present: State
Superintendent McCarty, still a forlorn bachelor, but, considering the facts,
wonderfully enthusiastic and energetic; Profs. Norton and Carmichael, of the
state normal school at Emporia (the latter is the handsomest professor in
Kansas and still a bachelor!), Ex-Superintendent McCartney, of Grasshopper
Falls, and Prof. Tucker, of Wichita. There was a fair attendance of teachers, a
goodly concourse of citizens, much interest, and boundless hospitality.
Wichita is full of people, money, merchandise, and
hope. Kansas has not another so live a town. The two Modocs are running the
best paper in the southwest. Judge Mead, J. C. Fouker, Colonel Woodman, and
many other friends, seem to be prospering in business and are jubilant in
spirit. The roughs of the plains, and congenial female associates, are not
wanting, but the police force is efficient and order prevails. Colonel Steele
looks as joyful as ever, and sells land with his old vindictive frenzy. A
splendid four story hotel is nearly enclosed—almost superfluous in a town
boasting the Douglas and Empire Houses. New buildings are going up on every
side, and omens are entirely favorable for the happy future of Wichita.
We reached Eldorado on the 20th. “Institute
week,” is among the gala times of this little city. We found over a hundred and
twenty teachers in actual attendance. Dr. Hoss, the genial and scholarly
President of the Emporia normal, left just before our arrival. The session was
marked with much enthusiasm, great kindness, and solid progress.
We found Judge Campbell and his estimable lady at
home, and their door hospitably open. Judge Campbell is a rising man. He is
thoroughly solid and practical, is an accomplished jurist, and a prompt,
clear-headed magistrate. T. B. Murdock, who publishes one of the best papers in
Kansas, has just returned from a trip to “My Maryland.” Notwithstanding his
wonderful achievements in the line of bivalves and crustaceans, he manages to hold
his own and improve a little. He is the pride and delight of the fair young
schoolmarms who so abound in Butler County. He manifests little grief on
account of losing the Copenhagen consulate, and his numerous friends are
delighted that he is spared the necessity of having to “speak Copenhagen.”
The Walnut and Arkansas valleys are this year
especially favored. While drouth has made barren the east and the west, the
rains here have been abundant and crops are immense.
We found the whole region reveling in grapes from
Arkansas City. Max Fawcett, of that favored burgh, has shown that the lower
Arkansas valley is the best fruit region in Kansas. Three years ago the first
furrow was turned in Cowley County, and now we see the markets of Wichita, Winfield,
Eldorado, and Augusta all abundantly supplied from this one source. Latitude,
altitude, and soil are all favorable for fall and early crops. Mr. Fawcett
harvests his last grape before September 1st; his sale is over
before the grapes of the Kaw valley are in the market. This will give to the
fruit growers of Arkansas City a great and permanent advantage over all the
rest of Kansas.
This superb country only lacks the one thing needful—railroads.
Eldorado has all the rest: enterprise, energy, culture, fair women and brave
men, and the iron horse will put in an appearance in time. RANGER.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, September 14, 1873.
Mrs. G. H. Newman writes from Toledo, Ohio, to Major
D. M. Adams of this city: “There is a family here by the name of Bender. Shall
I inquire if they are related to Kate, of Kansas fame, and if they can be
induced to remove to Topeka and enter into the business you once mentioned?”
The sequel to the above is that it was stated that Adams had offered a premium
to any Bender family who would establish themselves in the cemetery business in
Topeka a sufficient length of time to kill off about fifty of the old fossils
of the town who are continually opposing every valuable improvement suggested
in the community.
THE
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday, September 17, 1873.
Not long ago we suggested the wisdom of discussing, as
soon as convenient, the proposed amendment to the state constitution, which is
to be submitted to the election of the people of Kansas this fall. To bring
this about, and to create an issue, we stated as our affirmative of a
proposition, that the amendment was a delusion and a snare—or more emphatically
a fraud—and argued it at some length, and asked for someone to come up to the
support the negative. The truth in all things and the better judgement of the
people, proceeds from discussion.
And now the Walnut Valley Times, a very
excellent and able paper of the southwest, accommodates us with an editorial,
illustrated by a diagram, insisting on the falsity of our proposition. The
diagram serves to fix indelibly in our mind the fact that Topeka is in the
center of the northeastern sixth of the state, and the argument illustrating
it, or which it illustrates, is intended to show the inequalities and the
injustice of the last state apportionment; that northern Kansas is the
residence of nearly all the state and federal officers, and that the public
buildings are for the most part located in the northern half of the state, all
of which we could grant for argument’s sake without for a moment making our
position untenable or unjust. The column editorial of the Walnut Valley
Times, though it shows with a convincing ardor of eloquence that there is
obvious inequality in the apportionment of the state and that there is grievous
neglect of the various “strips” and “tracts” in the southwest in the selection
of state and federal officers, is yet, we are sad to say, not at all to the
purpose of the present argument.
The adoption of this amendment will not, we submit,
alter this a whit for the better. The populous counties of the southwest that
now complain—and justly—of inadequate representation, and point to the excess accorded
under the present law to the upper counties, have no remedy this side of a
reapportionment which cannot take place until 1876. This little move will
prevent their ever righting this inequality, for such counties as Ford, Pawnee,
Kingman, and Comanche, et id omne genus, will snap up all the vacancies
long before the time of the next apportionment. The truth is the legislature is
large enough already, and there is no necessity of increasing our legislative
expenses twenty-five per cent merely that a lot of rotten boroughs may send up
a shystering lawyer each, to get his winter’s keep at the cost of the state.
The inequalities which the Times complains of can be remedied on the
basis of the present aggregate of representation. The law providing that the
apportionment shall be made on the basis of a census taken just previous to its
making, it is plain that if southern Kansas can show a population that will
warrant its increase of representation, the present constitutional limit can
and will be equalized so as to give them their equitable share. But how has the
margin of ten representatives been used since the last apportionment two years
ago? It has been occupied by counties for the most part without wealth or
population, which the new committee on the “Frontier,” which was order to
investigate their organization last winter, found to be wholly unworthy at
their inception, or since, of representatives in the state legislation.
Counties without half the population each of an ordinary agricultural township,
are manifestly receiving more than their due in being allowed equal voice with
counties of the population and wealth of Butler County, for instance, in the
state legislature. But then this is a matter easily tested. If Butler County
and the other populous counties of the southwest favor (much against their
ultimate interest, we candidly believe), this constitutional amendment, they
can convince the north of their populousness and of their power, by voting it
up at the coming general election. The event will prove, we think, that in the
newly organized counties this proposition will receive no greater support than
in older selected localities, and in the end will be badly beaten. As we before
remarked, it lacks thickness.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday, September 17, 1873.
One Hugh Maher has begun a curious suit against the
Hon. C. B. Farwell, M. C., in the Chicago courts. It seems that Maher got up
from a little game of “draw,” with Farwell, ten years ago, $1,700 in arrears.
He was unable to pay the debt, so he gave to Farwell a deed for eight acres of
land as temporary security. Maher claims that he has never been able since then
to obtain a surrender of the deed though he shortly after the “little game,”
and frequently since, has made tender of the full amount of the debt. The
proper has appreciated since so that it is now claimed to be worth $80,000. If
the story be true, it is another striking illustration of the moral lacking and
devious ways of the modern congressman.
OPENING
OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL.
FARMERS
CONVENTION.—TEACHERS INSTITUTE.
COAL
BORING.—COUNTY FAIR.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday, September 17, 1873.
EMPORIA,
KANSAS, September 15th, 1873.
From our Special Correspondent.
The Normal School has opened grandly. The attendance
is far greater than ever before. The entering class now numbers one hundred and
six, and more are coming. The total, exclusive of the model school, will be
nearly two hundred this term.
Dr. George Hoss vacates his chair at the end of this
term, for the purpose of resuming the chair of “Polite Literature” at the
University of Indiana. His successor has not yet been chosen. Miss Smith, of
the Oswego, New York, training school takes charge of the model department. She
seems eminently qualified for her position. Mrs. Morse, of the city school, has
been appointed preceptress of the normal school. The friends of the institution
feel that its dark days are over.
The teachers’ institute of last week was by far the
largest and most successful ever held in this county. Profs. Hoss, Norton,
Carmichael, and Miss Smith, acted as instructors. Superintendent Cavanness is
winning golden opinions from everybody by his energy and thoroughness.
The “farmers’ convention” was held today. There was
some discussion, owing to contested seats, but the attendance was large, and a
full county ticket was nominated, strictly agricultural.
The boring for coal, now over 700 feet deep, has been
resumed. The maxim of the company is “coal or China.”
Next week will be busy. The county fair, a Methodist
festival, and a public course of scientific lectures, are announced.
It is rumored that Gov. Eskridge will run for the
legislature in opposition to Mr. Fiery, the grange nominee. RANGER.
EMPORIA, Sept. 13, 1873.
IS
HE A BENDER.
Died
of Fear.—A Strange Story from the Indian Nation.
Singular
Conduct of an Unknown Man.—A Mysterious Package.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday, September 17, 1873.
From Pete Flynn, who has just returned from a trip to
the Indian Nation, we learn the particulars of a strange case. It seems that on
the 26th of last month a strange individual stopped at the house of
a colored man, named Rabb, forty miles south of this city, on Big Cana. He was
a man about 35 or 40 years old, and six feet high, light complexion, auburn
hair, spare build, had one upper tooth out in front. On the left side of his
body was a large scar, which looked to be from the effects of a burn.
When he stopped at Rabb’s house, it was near night,
and he said he wished to remain overnight. He was granted permission, and Rabb
gave him a rope to “stake out” his pony. After he tied the pony, he was seen to
take a bundle which he carried, and going some distance from the house,
unrolled it, and took out a small package which he secreted somewhere, and
which they have never been able to find. Next morning he told Rabb that he
wished to remain there several days to allow his horse to rest. His conduct by
this time so frightened Rabb that (he says) he was afraid to refuse him. The
man was restless, and seemed to be in great fear all the while. Every person
that would go by the house, he would inquire who it was, and if it was a
marshal. He refused to tell his name, or anything connected with his past life.
It was not long until the whole neighborhood knew of his presence, and some
wild speculations were made in regard to his conduct.
On the morning of September 1st he died
without any apparent suffering or disease. An inquest was held, and it was
decided that he died of fear.
The only paper found upon his persons was a slip, on
which was the address of “J. C. Tilton, Pittsburg, Pa.” He was buried by
citizens a short distance from Rabb’s house, close to the cattle trail. Someone
passing along has written upon the head-board the following: “Supposed to be
one of the Benders.” The people down there all think he was one of the Benders,
or else an accomplice in their deeds of murder. A vigorous search has been made
for the mysterious package, but it has so far proved unsuccessful.” Coffeyville
Courier.
FROM
THE INDIAN TERRITORY.
President
Grant’s Policy.—The Quapaw Agency.
Progress
and Improvement of the Indians.
Satanta
and Big Tree.
Claim
of Van and Adair Against the Osages.
The Commonwealth, Thursday, September 18, 1873.
QUAPAW
AGENCY, INDIAN TERRITORY, September 13th, 1873.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
For some four years past there has been an especial
interest manifested in all parts of this country in regard to this Territory.
It has been a part of the policy of Gen. Grant to remove as many of the Indian
tribes in the country as possible to this Territory, and to settle them as fast
as possible upon reservations. It was in some respects an experimental policy,
and the results have been watched with the deepest interest. After a period of
four years, we may proceed to examine the results in order to ascertain whether
the experiment is successful, or whether it is a failure. The policy has been
from the first to set apart the Indian Territory for the exclusive use and
benefit of the Indian tribes of this country. Every Indian tribe was told by
the agents of the government that here they should be protected from white men;
they should have this territory to themselves, and be permitted to work out,
unmolested by white men, the problem of future destiny. The success of the
experiment has been somewhat interfered with by the several efforts that have
been made in congress and out of congress to thwart that policy, by opening up
the Territory to settlement and to confine and establish the Indians upon
individual headrights. This would simply be to repeat the history of the
Indians in Indiana, Illinois, and Kansas. The proper title to any bill which
provides for the opening of the Indian Territory to the settlement of white
men, no matter in what guise it comes, is simply and purely “an act to extinguish
the Indian race. The good faith of the government is pledged to these
helpless people against any such wrong. The construction of one railway through
the territory; another partly through it, and the efforts of other powerful
corporations to extend similar roads through it, coupled with repeated efforts
in congress to throw open the territory to settlement, has had the effect to
alarm and discourage many of the Indians, and there has not been that progress
among them that there would have been but for this fear. Notwithstanding this
fact, and that the future is full of uncertainty and fear, there has been a
marked progress in the condition of all the Indians who have been removed to
this Territory. Relieved from the presence of white men, and almost entirely
from the corrupting influences of whiskey, they seem to have been inspired with
courage and a generous ambition to see who could do the best. The result is
that many of the Indians, who in Kansas, were shiftless, worthless loafers,
spending their time and money in drinking whiskey, have been transformed by the
change to sober, industrious men, with good farms and good homes.
The Quapaw agency is in charge of H. W. Jones. Two
years ago when Mr. Jones took charge of the agency, there was but one school,
and very little interest manifested in that; now there are four. Then there was
an enrollment of less than thirty scholars, now there is over two hundred. The
tribes embraced in the Quapaw agency consist of the Quapaws, Peorias, and
Miamis, Ottawas, Eastern Shawnees, Wyandottes, Senecas, and the Black Bob
Shawnees, in all some twelve hundred and nineteen Indians. Without estimating
their annuities or their land (which is held in common), their individual
property amounts to $207,241, an average of $170 for each man, woman and child
in these several tribes. In educational matters the improvement has been
equally rapid. There is a good school in each of the tribes and a good
schoolhouse among the Quapaws, Peorias, Ottawas, Senecas, Shawnees, and
Wyandottes. Considering that most of the children could not speak a word of
English when they first commenced to go to school, their progress has been as
rapid as among the same class of white children.
The season has been dry as well as in Kansas, and in
some cases the crops suffered from the chinch bug as well as the hot weather;
still, among the tribes mentioned, there was raised this year 2,134 bushels of
wheat, 64,772 bushels of corn, and 3,250 bushels of oats; they have on hand 997
head of cattle, 881 horses, and 3,621 hogs. Their fields are enclosed with good
rail fences, and in many cases they live in fine white houses with barns and wells
and all the conveniences of advanced civilization. These are the results of
Gen. Grant’s policy among the Indians of this agency. I am told that among the
other tribes in the Territory, the result is substantially the same. Facts are
stubborn things to deal with, and the result so far is a complete vindication
of the policy of the “Friends” or Quakers in regard to the Indian Territory.
The Quapaw agency is situated sixteen miles south of
Baxter Springs and four miles west of Seneca. There is a fine farm here called
the “agency farm,” consisting of over fifty acres. The house in which the agent
lives is very much decayed and not worth repairing. A well is also much needed.
I noticed that all the water that was used by the family was hauled from a
distance. When men are found who will remove with their families from the
comforts of civilized life to live amidst privations among the Indians, the
government ought to see to it that they are made as comfortable as possible.
There is a blacksmith shop located near the agency. It is in the midst of the
Shawnee reserve, and within convenient distance of the several tribes who are
under the direction of this agency. Agent Jones is assisted by his son, Endaley
Jones, a young man thoroughly posted in business and of great promise. The
result shows what zealous Christian effort, guided by judgment and
intelligence, is capable of accomplishing for the advancement and civilization
of the Indian. I omitted to state in the proper place that there was this year
in cultivation among the tribes specified at least 800 acres more of land than
was cultivated last year. I am surprised at the beauty of the country: small
prairies almost surrounded by timber; beautiful valleys with gently sloping
sides; thickly covered with oak trees; then a larger extent of prairie,
surrounded as far as the eye can reach, by timber of all shades of color, green
and brown, and blended with distance into purple and blue. There is scarcely
any underbrush at all; hence it is easy to get through the timber in almost any
direction. I am told that the want of underbrush is caused by fire, and the
fire is set so as to keep the underbrush down and enable the hunter to see his
game. The streams here are beautiful; in most cases gently sloping banks, with
smooth, gravelly beds. There is plenty of fish and some turkey and deer. I am
reminded in looking over this fine country of the remark of the late A. D.
Richardson in regard to Kansas: “God might have made a more beautiful country,
but it is doubtful as to whether he ever did.”
The commissioner of Indian affairs, E. P. Smith, will
be in Kansas about the 25th of the present month, on his way to Fort
Sill, to be present at the release of Satanta and Big Tree. It is to be
regretted that these men were not released at the time the government promised
to release them. The Kiowas had performed their part of the contract in perfect
good faith; but it seems that the Modoc outrage, thousands of miles away, was
made the pretext of holding these chiefs in custody for nearly six months after
the time agreed upon for their release. The government ought to set a better
example.
I learn that at the payment made to the Osages, about
two months ago, Col. Van and Mr. Adair, both well-known Cherokees, famous
lobbyists at Washington and clamoring with Boudinot to have the Territory
opened for settlement, prescribed a small bill of half a million against the
Osages for services at Washington. The agent couldn’t see it. Van and Adair
then counseled with the Indians apart from the agent. This resulted in allowing
$300,000, and the Osages entered into a contract with Van and Adair to pay them
that amount. The history of the claim is briefly that a bill was pending in
congress to sell the Osage land in Kansas at 40 cents an acre; through the
influence of Superintendent Hoag, the Washington committee of Friends and the
board of Indian commissioners, the bill was changed so as to fix the price at
$1.25 per acre. It was this difference of 85 cents that Van and Adair claimed
to have saved the Osages, for which they now ask the small sum of $300,000. In
the meantime, Superintendent Hoag, finding that there was trouble among the
Osages, dropped down among them, and of course explained the whole thing to the
Osages in the presence of Van and Adair. The Indians then explained that they
supposed it was $3,000 instead of $300,000; only a mistake of a few ciphers,
and a small thing to make a fuss about. C.
THE
KIOWA CHIEFS.
Satanta
in the Bosom of His Friends.
Big
Tree on His Native Heath.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
Satanta and Big Tree, under guard, arrived at Fort
Sill on the 4th, and were turned over to Gen. Davidson’s command.
Their relatives were permitted to see them. The captives were informed that
they would be kept in confinement till the end of the month, when Governor
Davis and the Indian commissioner would treat with the tribe for their release.
They were warned that any attempt to escape would meet with summary punishment.
Satanta replied he was used to being in jail. Both are looking well, but
reduced in flesh since their confinement. The night after their arrival, signal
fires were seen blazing at various points on the Wichita mountains, indicating
to the various camps that the great chiefs had arrived.
On the day following they were visited by various
distinguished Kiowas, among them Kicking Bird, Lone Wolf, Big Bow, White Horse,
and a brother of Big Tree. A correspondent of the St. Louis Times gives
the following description of the interview between Satanta and his family.
This evening the prisoners were visited by Satanta’s
father and mother, each of whom is over seventy-five, his three wives, and from
six to eight “little Indians standing in a line.” Big Tree was visited by his
mother, Kicking Bird and Lone Wolf being also present. The old man, on first
seeing him, stood quite rigid, looking fixedly at him with his hands clasped
for some seconds; then rubbing his eyes, as if to assure himself his failing
sight was not deceiving him, threw himself into his son’s arms. When the squaw
and small fry were let in, wasn’t there a Babel! All were crying, laughing, and
chattering together, like any other women.
Of these Satanta took comparatively little notice
until he came to his eldest son, a boy about sixteen years of age. He embraced
him passionately, and after holding him some minutes in his arms, he buried his
face in his hands while the boy slunk into a corner of the cell and covered his
head with his blanket.
Affecting as the scene was, it wound up with a rather
ludicrous incident. Satanta’s youngest wife sidled up to him, and after
unwrapping enormous folds of buffalo robe and blanket from what looked very
like the old budget of an itinerant tinker, she rather morosely plucked his
sleeve, and pointing to a sleeping papoose scarcely six months’ old, desired
him to “look at his son.” For an instant the chief’s nether jaw fell an inch or
two, and he rubbed his scalp-lock and looked reflective. His discomfit,
however, was momentary, and, like a sensible savage, concluding that “to be sad
about trifles was only folly,” he tossed his head, and laughed, and said his
heart felt good to see all his folks around him.”
THE
ARKANSAS VALLEY.
The
Land of the Locomotive, Pioneer, and Steam Plow.
Thirty
Thousand Homesteads Awaiting Settlement.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
Of all that has been written of the Arkansas valley
and its various localities, much has been left unsaid, and if the observations
of one who has no special interest in any one particular part of it, nor
inclination to give some gentlemanly proprietor of a “saloon and boarding
house” a puff, you are liberty to use this.
As often as I have been over the road and up and down
this valley, at each succeeding trip new and interesting features unfold
themselves, and attractions that have hitherto passed unnoticed, meet the gaze.
The time was when this valley had no such appearance of fertility and verdure
as it now possesses. But a few years ago, and within the memory of many of the
living, it did not belie, in numerous respects, the name of the “Great American
Desert,” applied to that unknown and almost unexplored territory or plain lying
west of the Missouri, the remembrance of which, as gathered from the then crude
geography of our boyhood, arises still in our minds as the Golgotha of America,
a parched, barren, desolate region, and that to enter upon its leagues of
dreary waste was but to leave all hope behind. From whatever cause, there can
be no doubt that all that boundless, billowy region of prairie, that now is so
enchantingly unrolled by a journey over the A. T. & S. F. R. R., was once
bleak, uninviting, barren, and desolate. With no denizen but the savage and
wild beast, its limitless expanse trod under foot by herds of buffalo, its
verdure destroyed by fire, that, speeding its way from Indian wigwams or from
lightning, has in the course of years had its effect upon it.
It was then a land suited to its tenantry. But like
the hidden gem that lurked in some unknown cavern for ages, to be at last
discovered and set in a princely coronet, so this land, in the fullness of
time, has been occupied for just what anyone who has ever been over it will say
God intended it—the land of the locomotive, the pioneer, and steam plow. It has
at last entered upon its duties appointed of Providence, and this land has
approached its destiny, for the accomplishment of which, unknown and beyond the
ken of mortal wisdom, its silent wastes listening to the onward march of the
pioneer, and who at the proper time would enter upon and possess it. Though the
ways of Jehovah are often past finding out, yet its leagues of prairie had not,
for all these centuries, nodded their verdure to the passing summer cloud for
nothing. The mysterious alchemy of time was perfecting it for man’s use; and
little by little it assumed the habiliments of culture and fertility.
Washington Irving, in his journey through a portion of this region nigh on to
forty years ago, mentions his encountering the progress of the wild bee
westward as the avant courier of the pioneer; and it might well be said
as supplementary to this, that with the settler the buffalo flies to other
fields, and a new and better verdure unrolls itself at the heels of the first
settlers. No traveler’s journey is better defined than the steady march of the
blue stem grass, as civilization moves its ceaseless steps beyond the western
horizon; and not alone in this, but with the settling and development of the
country come the rains, frequent and more abundant.
The Arkansas Valley throughout its whole length has,
during this year, so far constantly kept the machinery of storm in motion, and
it has been an ill-favored locality that has not had its weekly copious and
blessed shower. So today, through the beneficence of government, and enterprise
of capital, the Arkansas valley sends greeting to the houseless and the
shelterless, the shout of welcome, and tenders its thirty thousand homesteads
to any who will but seek them. Could the unceasing monotonous stretch of
fertile prairie vined with healthy streams of water, where but to puncture the
surface makes it drip with moisture, be but correctly miniatured to the hives
that swarm the olden world, how a new ardor would startle their sluggish blood,
and new hopes people their brain. In all lands, in all times, a hearthstone of
their own all desire to have, and a roof that knows no grasping landlord, to
shelter the little ones. And here they are; the vision with ease shapes itself
into reality, and no one so poor, and none so ignorant but what he can procure
a home, and a better inheritance, but let him essay however feeble an effort.
Starting from Topeka at early morn, it is not expected
that much will be learned or discovered of that portion of the country lying
between there and Emporia, and so with the window open we feel the cold dark
currents of the morning breeze fan our cheeks and utterly oblivious to
Carbondale, and Burlingame with its turmoil of strife with Lyndon for the
county seat, or Osage City with its ochre, coal, and brick, we are through by
daylight to Emporia, and as the trains run from the junction to and through the
town, we catch a slight glimpse of the decorous little city, its prim streets and
coal hunting inhabitants. Let no traveler attempt hurling a brick-bat into the
throngs that crowd its streets and jam the depot grounds, for sure as he does, the slates of this unambitious town
will have to be rearranged and some new man put forward as candidate for the
United States senate in place of the wounded one. If Emporia has a weakness, it
is in this direction, but withal, for a town of three thousand people, it is
entitled to the appellation of the nicest town in Kansas.
Refreshed by a six-bit breakfast, we leave this place,
believing ourselves at peace with all mankind and prepared for the cozy sights
of farm and field, of wood and stream, of verdured slopes and fertile valley,
that come like an ever-changing panorama to the eye, along the Cottonwood from
Emporia to Cottonwood Falls, where, across the river, half embowered in shade,
sits the village. It is noted for its two dams, one, Hon. S. N. Wood, and the
other built across the river and used for milling purposes. It has the finest
courthouse in the state, and as fine building stone as is gathered in any part
of the west. Chase County has fine lands; her cattle upon a thousand hills; one
of the best counties for cattle and sheep, and as good land lying in its
valleys as was ever covered by the old time deluge. Travelers should not think
poorly of Cottonwood when the station is called out, but, if in quest of a good
county, you can be gratified by stopping here and investing.
Next come three or four rural hamlets and neighboring
settlements, and Florence with its flagging quarries. Here is where the Marion
Centre people get on and off; and we are now in another splendid county for
land, rock, water, cattle, timber (such as it is) and people. The old quiet
Presbyterian county seat lies up the valley to our left some seven miles, and
Peabody, the next station in Marion County, some ten miles west of this, is
where the austere Yankee, with his business and intelligence, has broken out in
a chronic form. All the country we are passing through is Marion County. Here
is your land, my young friend! Bought for a bagatelle from the railroad or
obtained as dowry by marrying some rich farmer’s daughter. On we go to Newton,
a place the sowing of whose wild oats has cost it an odium from which it only
recovered by the exertion of some of the best people we will meet on the road.
The cattle trail, the dance house, the Texas sombrero, the painted sepulchres,
that mocked femininity, have all departed, and Newton buries out of sight her
score or more of those who were victims of the bowie, bludgeon, and bullet, and
is today quietly and surely treading its way onward to the position of a
leading town of the western portion of the state. It is the county seat of
Harvey County, whose fertile land is only limited by its area; a county that
has no foot of bad soil, whose inhabitants mean to stay, where no extravagance
has been indulged in, and the county is out of debt. What do you think
of that? No inconsiderable item these times. At Newton will be found the residence
of the founder of the grange, an institution whose principles are dear to every
American heart and adored by every lover of liberty. Success to the cause.
[Source: Unknown.]
POSTAL
AFFAIRS.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
Postal changes in Kansas during the week ending
September 13, 1873, furnished by Wm. Van Vleck of the postoffice department.
Established—Chalk Mound, Wabaunsee County, Wm. Brewer,
postmaster; Farms, McPherson County, Isaac P. Carper; Hebron, Clay County, Wm.
Milroy; Oak Bridge, Howard County, David H. Faler.
Postmasters Appointed—Cherokee, Crawford County, Solon
L. Manlove; Covington, Smith County, Augustus Payne; Godfrey, Bourbon County,
H. P. Merigold; Lincoln Centre, Lincoln County, D. W. Henderson; Muscotah, Atchison
County, Seneca Heath; North Lawrence, Douglass County, James Walker; Rubens,
Jewell County, Thomas West; Scotch Plain, Republic County, Joseph McGowan;
South Cedar, Jackson County, Samuel B. Jones.
ALF.
BURNETT.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
Concerning the appearance of the great humorist at
Kansas City, the Journal of yesterday says:
A crowded house witnessed Alf. Burnett and the fine
combination at the opera house last night. Mr. Burnett appeared, in addition to
“Mr. and Mrs. Candle,” in his original sketch, entitled “Women’s Rights.”
Burnett is immense, and must be seen to be appreciated. There is more fun in an
hour with Burnett than with any other man in the world. The entire performance
went off with bursts of applause.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
The Blade of last evening contained a very
ungenerous, unjust, and entirely uncalled for attack on the bowling saloon on
Sixth avenue. So far as our observation extends, Mr. Faxon keeps as orderly a
place as any man in the city. No one was arrested in his place on Wednesday, as
stated in the Blade, and the police do not hang around there any more
than at any other saloon in the city; or if they do, they certainly neglect
their duties in other portions of the city. We are authorized to state that the
article in the Blade is a misrepresentation of the facts from beginning
to end. When the Blade urges the suppression of the bowling alley, it
forgets that the alley is authorized by ordinance, that Mr. Faxon pays his
license promptly, and that he has entered into bonds to keep a respectable
place. When he violates the provisions of his license, it is then time to talk
about suppression.
CAPITOL
HOUSE, TOPEKA.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
We call the attention of the traveling public and all
persons who intend visiting the state fair, which commences on the 22nd,
to the fact that the Capitol House is prepared to receive and accommodate an
unlimited number of guests. It has recently been enlarged and improved, and
will be found one of the best resorts in the city during the fair week, or any
time thereafter. The Capitol House is well known among commercial men of the
leading cities of the country, and we are pleased to state that it also bears
an excellent reputation among them for good management and hospitality. The
accommodations of this house are good, its rooms airy and well furnished, its
location convenient, and the table we are assured will be daily spread with the
choicest viands our city markets can afford.
The Capitol House now has a reputation second to no
house in Topeka, and Mr. Kellam understands and performs the duty of host to
perfection. He superintends everything about the house, while our genial and
popular friend, Brown, at the clerk’s desk, looks directly after the comfort of
guests. We shall expect that during fair week the house will increase its
already large circle of friends, and its tables be daily filled with visitors
who want strictly first-class board at reasonable prices.
AD.
The Commonwealth, Friday, September 19, 1873.
Hand sewed custom boots, every pair warranted, in half
sizes, fit guaranteed, only nine dollars at Hill & George’s, 188 Kansas
avenue, boot upside down. Sept. 17.
THE
ARKANSAS VALLEY.
A
Trip West From Newton.
General
Appearance of the Country.
Some
of the Towns Along the Road.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
Shall we go to Wichita? No! Let the busy metropolis go
ahead with its business and its beeves. We are going up the Arkansas valley,
and unless our geography as issued by the railroad is wrong, will strike it at
Hutchinson. Thirty miles then through as lovely a country as ever the sun
traveled westward over. They say the Mennonites are settling about Burrton, and
if the story be true, that they eschew politics as a sinful occupation, what a
lot of backsliders their ranks would contain in a very short time. We know some
men who to pass through the community would set out the contagion or infuse the
virus for holding office. But we forget that here is more land waiting for you
or someone else, and we wonder, as the Indiana man we met with on our trip did,
why they do not plow it. People come in droves and scatter out, and are lost in
these stretches of prairie that follow the setting sun long after we have seen
it dip. They come by rail and by toiling teams both night and day; and some
have left the wife and babes to fight the wolf in distant places from here, and
have trudged on as best they could to this land of Eldorado, to win with pluck
and thrift a home denied them in a land where Sunday schools are plentier and
cheap lands scarcer. We wish them success.
Two miles out from Hutchinson, and the passengers are
intently gazing out of the window toward the northwestern sky. The car is all
commotion, and ejaculations that speak of thrilling surprise run like an
electric spark from passenger to passenger—and no wonder: for there against the
noontide sky miles away, comes on with ponderous gait, a huge black object that
strides the air like a thing of life. Awe and consternation seize the happy
innocents on board from Ohio and Peru, Indiana, until some passenger with the
daily Graphic in his hand partially allays the rising fears by informing
them that in all probability it is Wise with his balloon, out of course, and
departed from his reckoning. “Ladies and gentlemen, keep your seat; there is no
danger, it is only the eastern bound storm for this week, twenty minutes late.
Peanuts, peanuts,” cries the train boy and the drouth overtaken inhabitants
from the western reserve and the pocket regain their seats in safety.
But here is Hutchinson, a village of 800 people, who
look like they had been picked out of the best people of the east and set down
here with none of the signs of transplanting; live, wide awake people who
believe in schools and churches, and who have laid aside the conventional
subterfuge of whiskey-shops and started out with seventeen drug stores with
back room accompaniments to supply its thirsty inhabitants with alcohol for
purely mechanical purposes.
Successively have we passed Emporia, Newton, and
Hutchinson, three towns who hope they have within their limits the individual
who is to be the next senator. It would be well for all who travel westward to
notice particularly these places, for once on your journey westward of them you
have bid a last good bye to towns so ambitious, and you will no more see in all
your further trip individuals aspiring in that direction. It is sad to think
that the other towns we shall flit by, with all their schools, churches, and
intelligence, are in this particular so destitute and needy! From Hutchinson to
Great Bend, where we get off, is fifty-three miles, and we encounter the
thriving town of Peace, In Rice County, pass Raymond with its hopes of a ten
thousand dollar schoolhouse already paid for, and Elmwood, in Barton County,
where over 200,000 Texas cattle have crossed the Arkansas river this year. The
next station is Great Bend, of which more hereafter.
The man who is not satisfied with the country along
the Arkansas, over which we have just rode, would, had he been in the Garden of
Eden, have raised a row before Satan conceived the thought of tempting Eve.
Just think of a prairie that runs out of sight in every direction, green as
verdure can make it, traversed by streams of pure, healthy, and refreshing
water, a soil that has no superior in fertility on the discovered globe,
underlaid with a vast ocean that sweeps with perceptible current through the
porous soil, all the wilderness of green in sight, and which lies so near the
surface that the warmth of the sun and genial character of the soil, unite to
cause a continual cloud of moisture to float upward to sustain and nourish,
however dry the season, all the various vegetation of this climate. This can be
depended on, year after year. The Nile overflows its banks and gives with its
floods the substitute for rain. In Illinois it rains and the non-porous
condition of its mud leaves many a cornfield in June, in such a condition that
it cannot be approached except by a scow. But here a current of water ten feet
beneath your feet, and showers that come with a precision and punctuality
hardly to be believed. Let it rain; it produces no mud, and the plow need not
stop. Then again my friend, all this land you see is selling or to be sold. If
a man is too poor to homestead a quarter, he is still able to buy one of the
railroad. Little payments and divided over the space of ten or eleven years are
hardly felt, and you are not compelled to stay on the land, but in intervals of
leisure on the place, you can go where you please, hunt work, and make money.
You have the advantage of a railroad that will do as much to help you along, as
you dare ask it to do. The steam plow can go a day’s journey without obstacle,
and by putting on a head light, can return at night. Grass as nutritious as
ever grew, timber as easily raised, and what this valley cannot produce
thriftily and well is not worth the planting.
But here is Great Bend, the county seat of Barton
County, where at present a huge cattle trade is being transacted. The town is
alive with cattle men, and all the attendant evils that afflict the trade.
There is a good schoolhouse, and a fine courthouse is now half completed. With
all its extremes of good and bad, its hilarity and dissipation, there have been
no feuds, battles, or debauchery to bring odium on the town. It is making every
inducement to have the bulk of the cattle trade for next year; a hotel is
talked of, and with its bridge across the Arkansas, would undoubtedly be one of
the best towns in all this region if a suicidal town site question between the
citizens and town company could be settled as it ought to be. The people here
will be found wide awake, of the better class, and all on the make. J. G. W.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
An iron bridge is soon to be built across the Kansas
river at the state line by the Kansas Pacific company.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
New stock of gents’ furnishing goods just received at
Funk’s, 191 Kansas avenue. Latest styles direct from New York.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
The hand sewed Kilsheimer boots, best quality, only
ten dollars, at Hill & George’s boot upside down.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
The sale of tickets for the Burnett entertainments
commences today at Wilmarth’s. Secure your seats early and avoid the rush.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
If a Topekan looks unusually pleasant and happy
nowadays, it is because all his wife’s relations are coming in to stay with him
during fair week.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
A large stock of hats, caps, gloves, hosiery, gents’
underwear, etc., now being received by J. G. Funk, 101 Kansas avenue.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Goslin & Co.’s store will be closed on Monday next
on account of Jewish New Years. Any orders for furniture or other goods for the
fair must be arranged for today.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Out—the big button boot in front of Ennis &
Renick’s “Queen City Shoe Store.” Everybody should be reminded today when they
see this handsome sign that it represents the finest shoe store in the west.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Wilson Shannon, Jr., well known in Topeka, died at
Lawrence yesterday morning, after an illness of about ten days. Bishop Vail
went to Lawrence this morning to officiate at the funeral services, to be held
tomorrow.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
You can talk of expositions, state fairs, and baby
shows, but the rush for the “Kilsheimer excelsior” gaiter at the “Queen City
shoe store” beats all combined. Remember Messrs. Ennis & Renick are the
only agents in Topeka for this fine work.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Mr. Olson, the artistic tailor, has received the
finest selections of fall and winter goods we have ever seen, and we know that
he gets them up in ta-ty style. It only requires an inspection of his goods and
workmanship to convince you that Olson cannot be excelled in his line of
business.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
At a meeting of soldiers held at the office of Justice
Cock, on Wednesday evening, September 17th, the following persons
were elected delegates and alternates to attend the state convention of
soldiers and sailors to be held in Topeka on Monday, September 23rd,
1873. Delegates: John Guthrie and Thomas Archer; alternates, C. E. Bazin and J.
G. Waters.
AMUSEMENTS.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
The visitors to the fair next week, as well as the
residents of our city, will be glad to learn that they are to be provided with
a rare treat at the opera house. The great humorist, Alf. Burnett, will appear
at Costs’s opera house each evening during the week, assisted by Miss Helen
Nash and Mr. James W. Sharpley.
Mr. Burnett will appear as Mr. Caudle in the sketch
written especially for him by H. Douglas Jerrold, entitled “Mr. and Mrs. Caudle
at Home.” Miss Nash and Mr. Sharpley both appear in this charming sketch. Mr.
Burnett will also give his “Preacher from Hepsidam,” which, without
exaggeration, may be said to be the most laughable sketch on the stage.
Reserved seats are now on sale at Wilmarth’s.
THE
ABORIGINES.
The Commonwealth, Sunday, September 28, 1873.
The report of the recent conference between the U. S.
commissioner of Indian affairs, E. P. Smith, and the head men of the various
bands of Osages, will be found to be interesting and important enough to deserve
the space and attention we have accorded it. Our correspondent has reproduced
the speeches of the Indians verbatim, as translated into the vernacular by the
official interpreter, and they will be found a quite entertaining study of the
directness and simplicity of aboriginal thought, if destructive of traditional
ideas as to the beauty and force of its imagery. The sordid subject of money,
and a trifling per capita of money at that, is not suggestive of high
similitudes nor provocative of grand sentiments. There is at the beginning of
the conference a very encouraging assurance of disinterested affection on the
part of the Indians for their great father, for his deputy, and for all their
pale-faced brethren, an affecting declaration of their willingness to work if
they only had the money to buy tools; and a pathetic reproach of the government
authorities for chiseling them out of their broad, rich acres, and giving them
a barren waste in return.
Mr. Smith, with much moderation, and with a patience
truly parental, endeavors to instil into their puerile comprehension a
realizing sense of their weakness and dependence, and tells them he would not
be so cruel as to give them their money, except their annuities, any faster
than they can demonstrate their ability to take care of it, and to use it with
thrift and expend it with profit, and recalls to them their past lamentable
experience in trading for themselves, showing them that if they had been left
to their own devices as free financial agents, they would not now have any
money to ask for. Their willingness to pay Vann and Adair $200,000 for slight
services as their attorneys, which would be well paid with $200, and their
readiness, even anxiety, to dispose of their lands at seventeen cents an acre
to capitalists, were cited as by no means extreme cases in point.
The Indians, after approving the truth of the adage
that “soft words butter no parsnips” ceased attempting to cajole, and began to
bully. Their most valuable spokesman, “Hard Rope,” kept reiterating as he
deemed an unanswerable argument, that the money was theirs and they could not
rightfully be kept out of it. Joseph Pah-ne-no-pah-she, or as he is familiarly
known, “Big Hill Joe,” who has had twelve years education in a Jesuit college,
under Father Shoemaker [Father John Schoenmakers], and who is but masquerading
in blankets and beads, and pretending not to understand English, demagoged in
the same strain, though the evidences by the greater breadth and ingenuity of
his argument that he knows the position to be untenable, and only talked to
please and retain his influence among his brethren.
These Osages are the finest specimens of aboriginal
manhood on the plains. They are physically a magnificent race, and are chiefly
notable for their fondness for barbaric finery. Everyone of them is a splendid
study of color, with his red blanket about his loins, his brilliant crimson
scarf tied around his forehead, his necklaces and earrings, and the variegated
feathers perched on the coxcomb of stiff hair that bisects his cranium. These
admirably set off a splendid figure, which seldom falls below and oftener
exceeds a height of six feet. Friend Smith, in looking over these big hulking
fellows, sees in them splendid possibilities in the peaceful tillage of a rich
soil, and tells them they must go to work. He lays down a policy in their
regard which he undoubtedly intends to follow with all the Indians of the
Territory, and this policy is both wise and reassuring. The Osages are errant
cut-throats and horse-thieves, and he tells them plainly that they must reform
their habits of this sort if they expect any favors, or continued forbearance.
His sentiments held to the Osages will, we are sure, be read and approved by
all the citizens of Kansas, especially those who live along the border subject
to the predatory enterprise of Big Hill Joe and the loquacious Hard Rope.
THE
OSAGES.
Big
Talk With Commissioner Smith.
THEY
WANT MONEY TO FARM WITH.
Plain
Language from Mr. Smith.
Specimens
of Barbaric Eloquence and Diplomacy.
Lively
Recriminations About Murders and Robberies.
The
Commissioner Lays Down a Policy and Tells the Indians
They
Must Go to Work.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
LAWRENCE,
September 25th, 1873.
Special Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
It has been understood for some ten days past that the
commissioner of Indian affairs, Hon. E. P. Smith, would be in this place today
on his way to the southwest. In anticipation of this the Osages with their agent,
Isaac T. Gibson, have been here three or four days awaiting his arrival.
The Hon. commissioner came as expected; arriving in
this city yesterday. The delegation of Osages consisted of the governor, Joseph
Pah-ne-no-pah-she; the agent, interpreters, and sixteen of the chiefs and head
men of the tribe. The Osages have been in the Indian Territory about three
years. They now number about thirty-five hundred. The tribe is divided into
eight bands, and each band has a chief and counselor. In addition to this they
have a still more exalted dignitary with the title of “governor.” This office
is at present filled by Joseph, whose surname is “the man that killed a
Pawnee.” The extent of their ambition seems to be to imitate the Cherokees and
to want everything they see. These dusky dignitaries have come down to see
their “great father” and tell him what they want. They act upon the motto that
is sometimes printed and posted up in country stores, “If you don’t see what
you want, ask for it.” They want all they can get, and I guess would take it if
they got a chance. So far as “wants” are concerned, an Osage Indian can
discount a column in the New York Herald. They have adopted the customs
of the Cherokees—especially those of Vaun [Vann] and Adair. They informed the
commissioner that they wanted their money all paid to them. They wanted to go
into the law-making business on their own account; set up an independent
government, with the meek and docile Joseph at the head of it. They could
dispense with agents and superintendents, and thus save a good deal of expense.
I presume they got their ideas of economy from Vaun [Vann] and Adair. As a
specimen of their economy, I might state that they contracted to pay the said
Vaun [Vann] and Adair the trifling sum of three hundred thousand dollars for
two weeks talk, and as they once made a treaty providing for the sale of their
lands at seventeen cents per acre, their economy and ability to take care of
themselves cannot be questioned. It was owing to the efforts of Superintendent
Hoag that their lands in Kansas were sold at $1.25 per acre, instead of
seventeen cents; and it was owing to the same superintendent, the Washington
committee of Friends, and the commissioner of Indian affairs, that the scheme
of Vaun [Vann] and Adair to rob the Osages of $300,000 was not successful. If
the Osages had been permitted to have their way, they would have been beggars
now. They may thank Superintendent Hoag and the good and true men who labored
with him that they are not reduced to penury. The interview between the Osages
and the commissioner today was very interesting. The Indians were seated in a
semi-circle in front and in their red blankets, feathers, and paint.
The contrast was very striking with the sober dress
and attire of the rest of the party. The commissioner of Indian affairs was
assisted by Major C. F. Larrabee, of Maine; who was also appointed a
commissioner to visit with the Indian commissioner the Indian tribes in the
southwest. The Major is a gallant looking gentleman and in action as well as in
appearance is a worthy representative of a state that produces tall trees and
smart men.
This is the first visit that Commissioner Smith has
made to Kansas. He was one of the earliest friends of the state, and his first
contributions to our stock of reading were in the shape of “Beecher’s Bibles.”
The Indian commissioner is a fine looking man; with a frank, pleasant smile
that finds it way down into your heart in spite of yourself. He gains the
confidence of the Indians by his kind, straight-forward, and truthful manner.
He tries to encourages them and yet he does not flatter them, nor say things
simply to please them. He tells them the truth, and it is easy to see from his
manner that his object is to be patient, just, and firm. I predict that E. P.
Smith will be one of the most popular and efficient commissioners that we have
ever had. There is no air of red tape about him and none of that over-crowing
investiture of brief authority in which smaller men are apt to strut.
Beside the two gentlemen named, there was present
today at the interview of the commissioner, Supt. Hoag, Cyrus Bede [Beede], Mr.
Nicholson, H. W. Jones of the Quapaw agency, Agent Gibson of the Osages, and
Agent Newton of the Pottawatomies. The superintendent looks careworn, but
active and kindly as ever. Bede [Beede] looks strong, watchful, and alert; Dr.
Nicholson, patient and thoughtful; and the agents, one and all, are faithful
and zealous men.
The conference between the commissioner and the Osages
was, throughout, in the nature of questions from different Indians, and replies
by the commissioner. The Indians were first introduced to the commissioner by
Supt. Hoag, and as their names were called, they advanced and gave the
commissioner a hearty shake of the hand. The commissioner then addressed them
as follows.
“I have been in Washington but a few months, and don’t
know as much as I shall bye and bye. I have been among the Indians laboring for
them and with them more than three years. I have seen the Indians away to the
north and south of you, but have never seen your tribe before, and all that I
know of you is what I learn through letters from your agents. I am very glad to
hear from them of the new state of things with you.
“I am glad to know that you are thinking, and that
your agent is trying to help you think about a different life. It is a very
important thing for you and for the white people of the country. You have heard
that the railroad is coming your way, and you know that the country is fast settling
up with white men, and that it will be impossible for you or other Indians to
live in a wild state any longer. It is very good that you have a good agent
with you; it is important that you should have, and I am confident that you
have. Now, if you have anything to say, I shall be glad to hear you.”
Whereupon Gov. Joseph Pah-ne-no-pah-she replied
substantially as follows.
“My friends, I see you on a very pleasant day today.
Our agent asked us to come and see you; in doing so I came through the land that
belonged to my forefathers. In looking back, if I had taken the advice that was
given me, I should not have been living where I am, but would be living like
the whites. Five years ago we made a treaty, and agreed to remove from Kansas.
There were some things in the treaty that we did not like. We wanted to use our
lands as we liked, and we wanted to use our money in our own way. We wanted a
piece of land from the Cherokees, and it was promised us at fifty cents an
acre. We selected a piece of land and moved there, and then the Cherokees took
the best part away from us. We were afterwards told by commissioners that we
could have a better country.”
No-par-wal-la [No-pa-walla or No-pa-Watha
(Thunder-Fear)], chief of the Little Osages,
then shook hands and proceeded as follows.
“My friends, this is a pleasant day and I am glad to
see you. We wanted to go to Washington, but as you are here, we will talk here.
Our forefathers and the whites made peace near the Mississippi river. On your
way here you saw a great country that used to belong to us. We now have but
little land; our fathers died poor. This large quantity of land was sold for a
small price, and they do not seem to have been benefitted by it. Now, this is
the only land that we have left, and we want the commissioners to advise us so
that we may not lose what we have. Our great father wants us to change our
lives, and we think we ought to do so, now that our large quantity of land is
gone. I will stop now. I may have more to say bye and bye.”
Chetopa, [Che-to-pah (Tzi-Topa)], chief counselor of
the Osages, then arose, and after shaking hands, said:
“My friends, we have come together on a very pleasant
day. Our people all know that we have come here on business, and I hope that I
shall have some good news to take back to them that will make them very glad.
You see here the head men of the Nation, and I hope you will have a little pity
on us. Our fathers heretofore went to see the great father. Our lands have been
sold, and we have seen hard times. We have come for help. We have sold our
land, as we were advised by the government, and we were all agreed. We expected
to get our land at fifty cents an acre. We were compelled to remove and live
further west, and in doing so we got only bad land. Our agent lives in the
heart of it. There is not enough good land to divide among ourselves. I have a
good place myself, but most of us have not.”
Ne-kah-ki-pah-ne, chief of the Hominy band, shook
hands and said:
“I have come to see you and we are all glad to see
you. Our superintendent has told us twice that he wanted some of us to go to
Washington. We have had not chance, but you are here now and I hope that we
shall have an understanding. The government has made our forefathers and us many
sweet promises, and in that way taken our lands; but we can’t see anything
coming to us. We sold our land and removed to this country, expecting to find
it good. When we got there, we found it was bad. We were afterwards promised
better land. We are living there now, but it is very poor. We were told when we
got on our land that we must study a different life. We have done so. Our agent
can’t do much because he has got no good place to stay. We want schools for our
children. We were not crazy when we promised to change our lives.”
The commissioner replied as follows:
“I understand now about your land question. Is there
anything else you would like to talk about?”
Paul Akin, interpreter, said:
“By the influence of our agent, our people are trying
to do all they can in farming and stock raising. Considering the time they have
been trying, I think they excel all other Indians. They have little farms, and
some have hogs, and yet they are wild Indians. They are building houses and
trying to live a civilized life. They are trying to make laws for the benefit
of their children. We see that we can’t live like wild Indians. These men you
see here are foremost in this work. Our means are light. Our agent tries to
teach the people. Civilization is the word, and everybody is talking about it.
Our country is very poor. We had a good piece of land on Caney river, but it
has been surveyed away from us. The Indians should have good land, because they
are just beginning.”
Hardrope [Hard Rope (We-He-Sa-Ki)], counselor of the White
Hair band, then arose and said:
“We have met upon a very pleasant day, and I think
that it is through the power of our great master. I have come a long way to see
you. We have as much business as you have papers scattered about the room. All
this country was once ours. Then our head men had but little sense, all they
thought about was to kill white men. But after a while they made a treaty like
a chain, and it has been linked ever since. We see many rich white people; we
made them so. Yesterday we went to the fair at Topeka. I saw a great deal, and
I know that it all came from the Osages; and it made me think that we ought to
be a great people, but we have only a little piece of land, not large enough
for a bird. We are told that we can’t do as we please with our land; but we
think we are a great people and ought to speak for ourselves. We know right
from wrong. We want to do right, but we have nothing to work with. Our agent
knows our situation. We have at least four days’ talk, and no time to waste.”
Governor Joe then arose and said:
“About three years ago some commissioners came from
Washington, buying land from us. In our treaty a large piece of land was given
to Kansas for schools. We wanted the same amount of land back again. On account
of our poor land, we wanted a piece of land next to the Arkansas river. We were
promised pay every year for the land sold to Kansas. They wanted another year.
We would like pay without putting it off any longer. I have not received a
patent for my land, but I have advised my young men to work. It looked hard for
our people to go into council without money to use as we liked. We hope to have
stock, and that is why I advise my people to work. You are the head men, and I
think you will help us, and let us know how much money we have coming to us and
how much belongs to us.”
Augustus Captain, a half-breed, then spoke.
“I generally assist in all business of the Nation. We
have about one hundred persons who can read. All the half-breeds and the
blanket Indians want the Catholic church to teach our people. I do not speak
for all in the matter of farming. Some want to work; and by the example of the
half-breeds, some of the full blood Indians are working. The half-breeds want
some of the benefit of the money given to the Indian. If I put on a blanket, I
could get my share, and I ought to have it without doing so.”
The commissioner and superintendent then explained
that the government does not propose to tech the Indians religion, but that the
field is open to all religious societies to labor as much as they are disposed.
The commissioner then asked them: “If your people know how to work, why do they
want assistance?”
Augustus Captain answered: “They are very poor; they
work for the full bloods. The money is appropriated for all, and we think it
should be equally divided.”
Agent Gibson then remarked that the Osages must be
protected in order that the poor and old may not suffer.
“I have given the half-breeds the preference when I
have hired laborers, and have paid them from $25 to $50 per month as such. The
half-breeds claim that they are entitled to an equal share in all that is given
to the Osages.”
The commissioner then arose and replied as follows.
“From all the information I get, it seems to me that
you are paying too much for your land. Your superintendent and your agent say
so, but you must remember that they speak in your interest. The Cherokee agent
will speak for his people and may tell another story. I have only heard one
side, and that is your side, and so now I think as you do. But should I find
out that it is all wrong, I don’t know that it can be righted now, and so I
cannot promise you anything other than that I will look into it. I cannot say
anything about the Arkansas river land yet; and as to your money, I can’t say
just how much you have in Washington without looking at my books. I want you to
go to work and make laws for your government. The men who spend their time as
councillors should have some help; but I am afraid paying them will cause much
talk and little law making. This, however, will regulate itself after a while.
I am going to authorize your agent to expend this year $3,000 for your
councillors. He will also give you the same money in hand that you had last
year. If some of your money that you spend for clothes was expended in New York
or Philadelphia, you could get clothing for about half that you are now obliged
to pay for it. I will send a coat and a pair of pants to any man who will go to
work. I said I didn’t know how much money you have in Washington. It is there
to be given you whenever it is needed. It will come in faster than you need it,
and will be kept for you. You may think that you want it all this summer; and
if you knew how to use it, you might as well have it, but you do not yet know
how to use it. You will have to have a little at a time and learn how to use
it, then you can have more. Your half-breed friends even did not know how to
take care of their money; they spent all they got for their lands and now have
nothing and are poor, and have come to live with you again. I don’t see why you
may not have everything you need as fast as you need it, in order to enable you
to live like the whites; but you are not able to take care of much yet. When
your school are ready, I want you to send your children. When you get able to
take care of cattle, and not eat them as fast as you get them, you can have
cattle given you. The buffalo are fast going west and you will need cattle.
“I have seen a great many Indians lately, and three
things are necessary for all of them.
“1st. They want good land to work.
“2nd. They want implements to work with.
“3rd. They want a good agent.
“Now a good country to live in, means to help him make
a farm, and an agent to show him how to work, and also look out for his
interests, are all an Indian needs. Now you have all these. You have, it is
true, some bad land; but you have much good land. You have money enough from
the sale of your lands to give you things to work with, and I think you have a
good agent. Now what you want are good hands and good hearts, and everything
will go well with you. The country is full of poor white men, who would jump
with joy at your chance. All these white men you see here were born naked. They
had someone to teach them and show them how to make a living. They use their
heads and hands, and so they are able to support themselves. I have seen a
great many Indians in my life; but I never have seen so large Indians as you
are, and I think you are able and willing to work. The government will help
you, and I am confident that you will prosper and be able to do much for
yourselves.
“Your governor asks me how much money you have in
Washington. I can’t tell, because I haven’t the figures here. I could tell if I
was in Washington. Your land in Kansas is being sold for you; and as fast as it
is sold, the money is put at interest for you. One hundred dollars now of your
money will be one hundred and five dollars next year; this is what I mean by
interest. So that you get every year not your money but the interest on your
money. It may be that some time you will want more than the interest to buy
stock, etc., but now you will get only the interest; and hereafter, you will
not get the interest paid in money, except your annuity money, but you will get
whatever your agent may think best to purchase for you. With a good many
Indians, I am taking this course. The Indian that works gets paid for it; those
who don’t work, don’t get anything—and it is better that they should not.
“I had a talk with your cousins, the Poncas, some time
ago. I found them coming up to the warehouse twice a week, and when they got
their flour, etc., they would go off to some shady place and cook and eat it. I
told the agent to stop it; that it would spoil the Indians. I said to him,
‘Tomorrow when they come for flour, give it to them if they will work;
otherwise, don’t give a particle.’”
“The Indians came, and said that it was their flour
and that they wanted it; but the agent said, ‘You are my children and I am
going to take care of you. I am not going to injure you. I am going to do you
good. If I feed you without work, I will spoil you, and I will not do it any
longer. The way to make a man of you is to make you work, and you must work in
order to get food.’”
“Now you may say that you are able to take care of
yourselves, and that you want your money to use yourselves; but you can see by
these papers (some papers were held up before them), which you have signed,
that you do not know how to take care of yourselves. By signing these papers
you have given away more than you have received during the last three years.
Your superintendent, your agent, and myself are the only persons who can make a
contract with you, and anyone who says the can do so and so for you, is
deceiving you. Now this paper, signed by you, is worth nothing; and any man who
would try to charge you such a price for work, is not a good man for you, and
you had better let him alone.”
Governor Joe arose to reply, and said:
“I told you we were trying to make laws. How can we do
this without means? We have sold our Kansas lands for money and we expect the
money to help us in schools. Our own laws will make us expend the money
properly. Your speech is good. I like it well, but I would like to know which
way our money goes. I signed none of the papers you speak of and know nothing
about them.”
[Note: The commissioner did not acknowledge Governor
Joe’s statement that he had not signed the papers spoken of and knew nothing
about them.]
The commissioner replied as follows:
“You see that you are not prepared to handle and spend
your money. You have signed a paper giving away all this money. Any person who
can’t read and write is not fit to do business for himself. You can make laws
to punish a murderer or thief, and you should make such laws; but you cannot
make laws to regulate money matters. The government don’t want to keep you as
children any longer than they can help; but until you are able to take care of
yourselves, they will have to treat you as such. It was a great misfortune to
the Cherokees that their money was turned over to them. They would have been
better if it had not been done. I don’t want to be impatient or feel
disheartened. We want to do what is best for you. You take hold and work and
you will have enough. You are rich men, if you only knew it. I don’t say that
you will never get your money in hand; but as long as I have anything to do
with you, I shall try and have your money put into that which will be best for
you, and you will live long enough to thank me. The monies that you have been
getting as annuities, you will get as usual. The $40,000 that is paid to you in
cash would be three times as good for you if it were given to you in another
way.”
Hard Rope arose and replied to the commissioner as
follows.
“Three commissioners have told us that we were to have
certain things and not other things. I think they had their papers made out
before they came here. I opposed the thing. They wanted us to have our country
marked out in lots and I opposed it. I saw at the time that we could not
control our money, and I opposed it; but as the other chiefs signed, I agreed.
These objections were spoken of before the treaty was signed by us. I don’t see
why, if we own a thing, we can’t use it. If I went to Washington and undertook
to use your money, you would not like it. The reason we sold the land was we
wanted money. It would be of no use to me to have an education if I could not
have money. This is all I have to say.”
The commissioner then replied.
“Two men came to you and talked two weeks, and then
you gave them two hundred thousand dollars of your money. This shows that you
do not know how to take care of your money. If it was all given to you, it
would be surrendered in the same way. This being the case, we must take care of
you and your money. If I had a boy ten years old and he had ten thousand
dollars, would I give it to him? He might say that it was his, but I now that
there are people about him who would try to get it away from him, and so I
would not give it to him. Now, why do I do this? It is because I love the boy
and must take care of him, and I know if I give him the money, he will not take
care of it and will do him harm. I will bring him books and clothes and send
him to school and guard his interests, and this is what the government wants to
do by you. When you are fit to take care of yourselves, you will not want an
agent or superintendent to look after you.
“Now, you must make up your minds that this is what is
going to be done. It is for your good and you must be contented.”
Big Wolf then said:
“I heard that you were to be here, and I have come. It
don’t seem that you want to do anything that we wish. We have been trying for
some time to see the president; but from what we see now, we think it would be
of no use to see the president. We want our money, and if we don’t know how to
handle it, we can learn. If a man can’t do a thing, he keeps on till he can.
All our people are doing the best they can. We can’t get anything to work
with.”
The commissioner then said:
“I have given you some money for your councilors; but
about the land I can’t say, for it isn’t for me to say. I want you to have good
land, and enough, and I don’t know but that something can be done to get the
land you want. The time is coming when you can’t hunt buffaloes. It may come
next year; it may not for two or three years, but I want you to be ready. It
will depend upon how you act when you are out on a hunt.”
(He then told them about the late Sioux and Pawnee
fight.)
Superintendent Hoag then said:
“In your treaty of 1868 you agreed to sell all your
land in southern Kansas at seventeen cents per acre. If it had been done, you
would not now have a dollar in the world. I was sent to see if it was right and
just. I reported that it was unjust and fraudulent, and the treaty was
destroyed. Then bids of twenty and twenty-five cents per acre were made; but we
watched the legislation until a bill was offered, allowing $1.25 per acre, and
through that bill you get your money today. Now this is why you should be
thankful that you have friends to look out for you, for if the bill had passed
as you agreed, you would have nothing today.”
Governor Joe then said:
“Is the $40,000 to be paid now?”
Superintendent Hoag then said:
“No; twice a year, or two installments each year.”
Governor Joe then said:
“We are not asking for ourselves but for our people.
We have large families and five dollars is nothing for them. Our people refer
to our lands that are sold and say, ‘We expect money in payment.’”
“My people may already have spent what they are to get
next time. If the money is to be had, we want it. I ask it as a favor.”
The commissioner said:
“It would be easier for me to do what you wish than to
refuse, and it would be pleasanter for me to promise you more money now; but I
know that it would not be as well for you. I have seen a good many Indians have
money and they always owe all they are to get. They never have quite enough, and
it is so with white people. You can’t find a man in Lawrence, who has all he
wants. Everybody wants a little more. I don’t have half I want. If I should ask
anybody to give me more, they would say ‘go and work for it.’ Now I know it
would be much better for you to have your money expended in agricultural
implements and so I don’t do what I would otherwise like to do.”
Hard Rope then said:
“You understand that our land is very poor, when the
Cherokees talk with you. We want a commission appointed to examine the lands.
You look upon us as children; but we think we ought to have our money. You are
to look out for us, and we look to you.”
The commissioner then said:
“If the Osages were the only Indians I had to look out
for, I could carry it all in my head; but you must remember that I have hundred
a times as many Indians to look out for, and I keep everything in books, and I
cannot carry my books with me, I have so many. I didn’t know that I was to see
you at this time. I want you to believe what I say to you. I send your agents
to you and your superintendent, and what they tell you, you can depend upon. If
you can’t believe them, you can’t believe me. I am going to be in Washington
all winter. If you come there, I can tell you all, and will be glad to see you.
You will see the president; but he will tell you that I am the man who looks
after you.”
Hard Rope then said:
“I would be very glad if some of us could go to
Washington and find out all about our affairs. We would like to know when we
are to have our little money. We are educated enough to count the days when we
are to have our money. Our main dependence is our horses. I lately lost three
horses; I want pay for them. White man stole one fine horse. I made claim and
sent it to Washington.”
No-pa-wal-la then said:
“We let the commissioners have our land because they
told us good stories. They told us we should have $50 per head at once. Then
afterward, the money would get bigger and figured up to $80 per head, and after
it was all sold, we would get $160 per head; and that is why we required the
treaty. They told us that the government wanted us to be like white men. We
liked that, and so signed the treaty. Since then my men have gone out and tried
to farm, but they have nothing to farm with. I ask and ask, but when am I to
get something? Do white men farm with nothing? I did not sign the Cherokee
paper.”
The commissioner then said:
“Have you not had one hundred dollars and a cow and
calf this year, and have you not a farm and rails to fence it in, and why do
you then complain? The people of Kansas say that the Osages have taken a good
deal of their stock, and so I can’t make them pay for stock until you pay for theirs. If it was settled, it
would cost you much the most, as you have stolen the most. I can’t tell you any
plainer about money matters. Last year you had about thirty dollars spent for
you. This year you will have more, and next year, more yet; but you want to see
the greenbacks in your hands, and I want you to have a farm fenced in, and that
is why I don’t give you more money. When you get along further, you will see
that a farm is worth more to you than your little money. I want to do you good,
and that is the reason that I do not do what you ask.”
Hard Rope then answered:
“Last year the whites stole sixteen ponies from me. I
followed them to Wichita, found them, and took them. The men were tried four
days. I got back twelve ponies; four were lost. I want the government to pay me
for the ponies. The whites have no proof against the Osages. They never found
their property in the hands of the Osages. We are willing to pay all just
claims. The government is for us as well as for the whites.”
The commissioner closed the interview as follows.
“I have papers in Washington from the agent wherein
the Osages admit that they stole cattle and horses. The Osages did pretty well
to get back twelve ponies. The whites haven’t got anything back. Now, one thing
more! I had word in Washington of the bad conduct of some of your men. You
killed one of the best friends of the government. I telegraphed over the wires
to the superintendent to take soldiers and go and have the murderers given up;
but he found when he got there that you had arranged it so that he did not do
anything about it. You have agreed to live in peace with whites and Indians,
and that foolish and wicked practice of killing someone because you do not feel
well, won’t do. Remember this. I shall be glad at some future time to see you
on your own ground.” C.
[The above articles relative to the Osage Indians
leave much to be answered. In the first place: they speak of the Cherokees
(Vann and Adair), getting $300,000 and then later $200,000. Most confusing! The
parting comment by Commissioner Smith about the Osages killing “one of the best
friends of the government” is worthy of study. I was unaware of such a murder
taking place. It is apparent that the “white horse thief ring or rings” from
Kansas were taking Indian horses. It appears that the Osages decided to
retaliate by stealing horses in turn from the “whites.”]
MISCELLANEOUS
ITEMS.
COFFEY
COUNTY.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Eugene Bacon reporting. Held fair at Burlington,
October 8th-10th, under auspices Coffey County agricultural, horticultural, and
mechanical association, which was very successful. Amount of premiums paid,
$391.45. Other expenses, $165. Receipts, $630. Crops in this county are good,
and with the exception of corn, will be above the average.
COWLEY
COUNTY.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
J. B. Fairbanks reporting. Corn on old ground is of
first quality; average, large. Corn on sod, planted early, good. Late planting,
very light. Winter wheat very good; average yield, 22 bushels per acre. Some
farmers report 35 bushels per acre; quality very fine. Spring wheat, fair. The
amount of wheat produced in the county is probably sufficient for home
consumption. The acreage sown this fall is large. Potatoes light, but good.
Some interesting experiments have been made with cotton with very gratifying
results. Hedges are being extensively reared. The people are alive to the need
of fruit growing; and next year, if favorable, we will have considerable fruit.
County agricultural society held fair at Winfield, September 6th to
18th. Receipts, $760. Premiums awarded: $500.
DAVIS
COUNTY.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
N. T. Greene reporting. Crops, except corn and
potatoes, are very fine. Fruit crop very light. Wheat sown this fall looking
finely. Condition of stock fine.
HOWARD
COUNTY.
The Commonwealth, Saturday, September 20, 1873.
Charles S. King and A. Ellis reporting. Corn very
fine; oats and rye poor; potatoes on bottom land fine.
[The following item relative to Arkansas City
definitely contains new information about this city and structures being built
at the time...MAW]
FROM
THE SOUTHWEST.
The
Lower Arkansas Valley.
The
Indian Tribes.—Growth of Arkansas City.—Judge W. P. Campbell.
The Commonwealth, December 27, 1873.
ARKANSAS
CITY, December 24, 1873.
Special Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
The Arkansas Valley, from Wichita westward, has been
fully described through the various newspapers. The A. T. & S. F. has
opened it to the observation of the world. But the same valley, from Wichita
south to the state line, though vastly better in all respects, has been
comparatively unnoticed.
It is superior in the fact that it is better timbered
and watered, has a better soil, a moister climate, and denser settlements. For
here every acre is open to actual settlers, and to them only.
THE
FINEST CROPS OF KANSAS
have this year been raised in Sumner and Cowley
County. The traveler down the river is astonished at the density of the
settlement and the wonderful progress which has been made during the past three
years.
ARKANSAS
CITY
has almost doubled since my last visit. Here is by far
the finest structure in the Walnut valley: a school building, of brick trimmed
with cut stone, with a spire eighty feet in height, now rapidly approaching
completion. The design was drawn up by Haskell, of Lawrence. Arkansas City also
boasts the only church spire in the Walnut valley. There is a fine bridge
across the Arkansas and another across the Walnut, both free. Newman &
Co.’s mill cost some twenty-five thousand dollars; it is located near the mouth
of the Walnut river, upon an excellent water-power. Speer & Co. are about
to erect a large steam flouring mill. The Mowry house is the largest and finest
hotel in the Walnut valley. It is enclosed and nearly finished.
THE
NEW KICKAPOO RESERVE
lies in the adjacent portion of the territory, the
nearest point being about five miles from our town. The trade of these tribes,
and that of the surveyors and soldiers, adds much to the business of the town.
There is a decided difference in temperature between this and the northern part
of the state. No snow here yet, except a few scattering flakes.
The “Free church” of this city is one of the
curiosities of theology. After the various sects had vainly tried to erect
buildings and support services in the old style, a number of daring persons,
representing various sects, came together and promulgated a constitution, of
which the following preamble is the only allusion to a creed.
“We, the undersigned, desiring to form an organization
for the maintenance of religious worship, accepting the gospel of Christ as the
divinely appointed word of God, and denying the right of any pope, synod, or
council to enforce upon us any other creed, do hereby organize ourselves into a
religious society, called the “Free Church of Arkansas City.”
This simple and thoroughly catholic style of
organization has commended itself decidedly to the good sense of the people. A
commodious house of worship has been erected, the only one in the place, and
the society is prosperous and steadily increasing in numbers and influence.
POLITICAL
CURRENTS
are sluggish. The people are languidly awaiting the
session of the legislature, and the repeal of the “ten per cent penalty.” Judge
W. P. Campbell, of this district, one of the ablest jurists of Kansas, is
strongly talked of for Delahay’s vacant place. The high position could hardly
find a worthier occupant.
RACKENSACK.
1874
SETTLERS
IN THE SOUTHWEST.
The Petitions
for the Relief of Settlers on the Osage Diminished and Trust Lands.
The Commonwealth, January 4, 1874.
[From
the Winfield Courier.]
As we promised last week, we now call attention to a
petition, or petitions, that are being signed to some extent upon the Osage
diminished reserve, and which had their origin with the Wichita Eagle. The
Eagle says in introducing the petition to its readers: “In view of the
facts that under the existing law, the settlers upon the Osage Indian trust
lands are compelled to pay for them within one year from the date of
settlement, etc.” Now what is true of the trust lands, is also true of the
Osage diminished reserve, and action should be taken to embrace all the Osage
lands. The trust lands are in Howard, Greenwood, Butler, Sedgwick, and the
counties lying west of Sedgwick. The diminished reserve is embraced in the
lower tier of counties in the state, of which Cowley and Sumner is a part. The
settlers of Cowley want a congressional law that will allow them time to pay
for their claims, and they are not so much interested in the wants of the
people on the trust lands as to be signing petitions for them.
The plan proposed by the Eagle will not do at
all, even if it were a desirable one. The government is not going to bother
itself by making mortgages and foreclosing the same.
The proposition is defeated by the suggesting. The
payment of taxes could not be enforced on land thus encumbered. No one would
bid the land off at sale, and take the chances of ever getting their money back
or obtaining title to land; and any system of taxation that will not insure the
collection of taxes is a failure. A better plan by far would be to compel each
claimant to file with the register at the local land office, at the time of
each annual payment of interest is made, a receipt from the county treasurer,
showing that the said occupying claimant had paid his taxes in full for the
preceding year. To do this congress should confer upon the legislature
authority to tax government lands within the Osage trust and diminished reserve
limits, for it is really government land. Then provide by congressional
enactment, making the claimant forfeit the right to the land and improvements
within a certain time after default of payment of interest and the presentation
of the tax receipt aforesaid. This would make a simple and effective law.
An attempt was made last winter to have a law enacted
by congress giving settlers five years time to pay for their lands upon annual
payment of the five per cent interest; but our congressional delegation were so
engrossed with a senatorial election that their attention could not be obtained
for the bill, and the probabilities are that the story of last winter will be
the story of this. Col. E. C. Manning, of this place, visited the commissioner
of the general land office in person, at Washington, in January last, and urged
him to recommend the passage of some such law, but the commissioner thought the
settlers were getting along well enough. The whole question was clearly and
tersely put to that gentleman, and its great importance urged upon him in a
way, which those who know him best, knew Col. Manning to be capable of; and we
may say here that the commissioner’s endorsement is necessary to obtain any
change in the land laws.
It is ruinous on the settlers of southwestern Kansas
that they are forced to pay for their lands. The money-loaners will get it. The
records of Cowley County along show that there is loaned upon real estate
within its limits about $200,000. The annual interest upon this is at least
$75,000. What a drain upon the energies of a pioneer people!
We are anxious that some plan be adopted that will
relieve the settlers upon all the Osage lands, but a practical plan is
necessary to success.
THE
INDIANS.
The
Whereabouts of Satanta and Big Tree.
White
Outlaws Depredating in the Guise of Indians, Etc.
SETTLERS
IN THE SOUTHWEST.
The Petitions
for the Relief of Settlers on the Osage Diminished and Trust Lands.
The Commonwealth, January 9, 1874.
Lawrence, Kan., Jan. 2. A letter received by the
superintendent of Indian affairs in this city, today, from the agent at the
Kiowa and Comanche agency, says:
“For the week past I have to report the Indians of my
agency, so far as I know, are peaceable. Most of them are out killing buffalo
to have the robes to trade. I notice a report in the papers that Satanta and
Big Bow, with their people, are camped on the Canadian river. That is a
mistake. They are camped on the Washatich [Washita], and according to the
reports of the surveyors, are doing very well. Big Tree in company with several
bands of Kiowas, was at the agency during the past week. I made inquiry about
the murder charged to them. They denied any knowledge of it. Big Tree looks badly.
He has been sick most of the time since his release. The Kiowas, all to whom I
have talked, say Satanta and Big Tree are using their influence and talking to
their people to keep them doing right. I have not heard of any further raids in
Texas.”
The letter further says a party of white men were
recently captured by a scouting force from one of the Texas forts, who were
disguised as Indians, and a lot of stolen horses.
Another letter, written two days earlier says:
“A scouting party from Fort Griffin followed, as they
supposed, the trail of a band of Indians a few days ago. Coming on them they
captured eight persons, four of whom they killed in making the capture. The
other four, it is said, met the same fate in trying to escape. Instead of red Indians
they proved to be counterfeit white men in Indian disguise. This confirms what
has been asserted by several persons from that region, as well as other places,
as to the existence of such a body, numbering from 60 to 100. I am fully
satisfied that many of the offenses charged to the Indians are committed by
white men in disguise.
“A surveyor arrived in this city on yesterday from the
vicinity of Fort Sill. He says that surveying parties have been called back by
order of the authorities on account of the hostile demonstrations by the
Indians.”
WIFE-SELLING
IN SAN FRANCISCO.
The Commonwealth, January 10, 1874.
[From
the San Francisco Call.]
The thriving town of Workington was honored the other
day with a visit by a young man from Whitehaven, in charge of a pony and cart,
the latter containing a quantity of apples, which he offered for sale. During
his wanderings through the town, he fell in with a laborer and his wife; and
after some conversation, the laborer offered to sell his “missus” to the apple dealer
for two shillings. The offer was accepted, and as the lady set out with her new
lord and master on her travels, and did her best to assist him in disposing of
his stock of apples, her husband, by way of consoling himself for the great
loss he had sustained, spent his wife’s purchase money in beer.
After the money was gone, the desolate man began to
examine the situation, and arrived at the determination to have his wife back
again. With this view he set out in search of the apple-dealing pair, and having
found them, explained to “the young man from Whitehaven” that he had repented
of his bargain, and that it was his intention to take the partner of his joys
and sorrows to his heart and home again. The apple-dealer intimated that before
anything of the kind could be done, the purchase money would have to be
refunded. To comply with this demand was impossible, as far as the distracted
husband was concerned, for he had swallowed the price of his wife. A bitter
wrangle ensued; the husband wanted his wife; the apple-dealer was firmly
resolved to have either the lady or his money; the lady—alas for her sex—took
part with the apple-dealer against her liege lord; and at length took refuge in
a house in King street.
A crowd assembled to witness the fray, and one of the
number told the husband that his wife had fled down the street. Away in the
direction indicated sped the frantic man, and the moment he did so, the woman
came out of the house, got into the cart (which was standing at the door), the
apple dealer took his seat beside her, and the pony set off with the pair at a
rattling pace in the direction of Whitehaven. The husband, running down the
street, heard the sound of wheels, and the truth flashed across his mind. With
a cry of rage and despair, he turned round and started in pursuit of the
runaways. His efforts to overtake them, however, were in vain. His two legs
were no match for the four legs of the white pony, and in a short time he was
compelled to turn back, a wifeless and melancholy man.
CAUGHT
AT LAST.
Arrest
of the Murderer of Henry Route, Who Was Killed in Cowley County
Two
Years Ago.
The Commonwealth, February 3, 1874.
[From
the Winfield, Kansas, Courier.]
Chas. G. Brooks, a Labette County detective, arrested
at Danville, Illinois, sometime in the middle of January, a man named Reuben
Bloomfield, charged with a number of crimes, the principal one being the murder
of Henry Route in Cowley County about two years ago. Word was received at this
place by acting County Attorney Fairbanks to the effect that Bloomfield was in
custody and wishing to know if he was wanted here, and if he was not, he would
be tried for some minor offense with which he was charged. Mr. Fairbanks told
them to bring him along; but in a short time he received notice that he had
committed suicide by taking strychnine shortly after his arrest.
We take the following particulars from the Danville
Times, which was kindly furnished us by Mrs. Mullen.
“There are a few items in regard to the murder of
Henry Route not yet made public, which by the kindness of Mr. Brooks, the
reporter is able to lay before our readers. In April, 1872, Route started with
his own team from the neighborhood of the Bender murders in Labette County, in
company with Bloomfield, with the ostensible purpose of visiting Cowley County
in the same state, where Bloomfield claimed to have some land. Route had a
little money and a team, and it was the proposition that if Route liked the
land and the price, he would buy it. Nothing was heard of the parties until
some time in May, when Bloomfield returned without his companion, but with his
team. He said that he had sold Route a quarter section in Cowley County and
taken his team in payment. In the meantime he had been in various places
spending money freely and leading a dissolute life on the strength of the
money, which it is now believed he had robbed of the murdered man.
“Time passed away and no tidings came of Route, whose
wife yet lived in Vermillion County. Sometime in the summer Route’s coat was
found on Big Hill creek, in Labette County, cut and slashed by a knife in
several places, together with his hat, but no traces of the body. The hat and
part of the coat were sent to Mrs. Route, who identified the hat and believed the
coat (from its texture) to have been her husband’s. The body was found in
Cowley County in July by a party looking for land. One hand and part of the arm
attached, were first found, and it was not until several days had elapsed that
the other remains were discovered. These were hauled about the prairie, and the
flesh eaten off by wolves and buzzards. Some remnants of clothing were found,
which identified the body as that of Route. It is supposed that the hat and
coat were brought this long distance—80 miles—and left as a blind to mislead.
The cloud of death hangs over all concerned. The entire circumstances of the
terrible crime will as a matter of course forever remain a mystery. Henry Route
was twenty-five years of age and left a wife and two small children.
“Bloomfield was living in the country near Danville,
and when he was arrested, he was not far from his house cutting hoop-poles.
When the officer made known his business, he made no resistance, but seemed
rather pleased. Bloomfield said he wanted to go to Kansas anyhow, and wished to
know if this would afford him a chance to get there on a free pass, and was
told that it probably would if he went there with an officer. He then asked
leave to change his clothes, which was granted, and it was at this time that he
is supposed to have procured the strychnine, which he doubtless kept concealed
in the cabin. He then told the officers the best route to follow to the city
and after kissing his wife good-by, took his seat in the buggy with four
officers. On his way to the city, he turned round and took the poison, spilling
a portion on his clothes. The sheriff hurried ahead to a house for an antidote;
but before the carriage arrived, Bloomfield was dead.
“It is now established that Bloomfield was engaged in
building the Bender house—arranged the screen in front of which the victims
were placed in order to dispatch them, and was an inmate of the house for some
months during the scenes of those terrible murders which so shocked the
civilized world, and made Labette County so notorious.”
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, February 7, 1874.
The president’s recommendation to congress relative to
such legislation as will enable certain Russian emigrants to settle in a body
in this country is meeting with the desired attention. The senate committee on
public lands will soon offer a law making such concessions that several bodies
of these excellent people may be located where they can both buy lands and
other homesteads on the same terms as our own citizens.
The Commonwealth, February 7, 1874.
In the debate before the constitutional convention of
Ohio, the question being whether or not God should be recognized in the
preamble of the new instrument, one gentleman, much given to a turgid style of
eloquence, seemed to forget that the Divine Being continues to live and to
move, for he said:
“The memory of God remains embalmed in the hearts of
men, and shines clearer, and man’s love for him looms brighter amid the ruins
of revolution than in the luxuriance of an unbounded prosperity.”
The Commonwealth, February 7, 1874.
A plucky California widow has solved the question of
her personal rights as a woman in so practical a way as to deserve
commendation. Her husband died, leaving her and their children no other means
of support than a weekly paper, published in Mendocino County. She at once
entered the deserted sanctum, took up the editorial pencil, and pushed ahead,
let us hope, to prosperity. Her salutatory is more personal and less aggressive
than it might be.
“One of the last wishes of my late husband was that
after his death, I should become the editor and proprietor of this paper.
Knowing full well the inability of women to compete with men of brains, I take
my new position with fear and trembling, trusting to the kindness and
generosity of the many friends and patrons of the Dispatch, and that the
right will always succeed, I shall gain coverage as I advance, hoping, if not
to improve, at least to retain the position for the paper that it has already
obtained—making of it really the best newspaper in the county. The great
responsibility of three little pairs of eyes looking up to me for
protection—three little mouths to feed—three little hearts to love and
cherish—knowing that their natural protector has been called to an early grave,
may cause my position to be one of doubts and misgivings; but such things have
been done by women—why not again?
A
PIOUS FRAUD.
The
Meanest Man in Kansas.
A
Warning to the Givers of Alms.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, March 19, 1874.
Our reporter was yesterday made acquainted with facts
that stamp James Roberts, of Oak Hill, Clay County, Kansas, as the prince of
dead-beats. He represents himself as a broken down Baptist minister, and writes
pitiful letters to different parts of the country, asking for assistance, when
in fact he is in comfortable circumstances, well clad, owns 2 horses, with
harness and wagon, 2 three year old colts, 14 head of stock, corn, wheat,
farming utensils, and other articles too numerous to mention. He has been
practicing this game for four years, with signal success, and though
extensively published in the newspapers of Kansas, he continues to receive
money orders and boxes of goods from all parts of the country, east and west.
On the 18th of December last he addressed
the following appeal to the Rev. N. T. Burton, of Davenport, Iowa.
DEAR BROTHER: As you are pastor of the First Baptist
church, and I am a poor, broken down Baptist preacher, and was burned out by
the prairie fire on the 29th of October, I write to you for help.
The fire consumed nearly everything we had, leaving myself and family in a most
deplorable condition, for clothing and provisions. A more destitute family is
not to be found west of Chicago. We are all in rags, my wife and children have
already frozen their feet for want of shoes and stockings, and I have had to
pull my own feet up to rub them with my hand, while in bed, to keep from
freezing for want of sufficient covering. This occurred last week.
We are having prodigious cold weather. I am all in
rags myself, not having a pair of pants fit to wear; my shirts are totally worn
out. I need a suit of clothes throughout. I need a warm cap. There are four of
us in the family: two small children. Lewis, the little boy, will be eight years
old the 8th of next March. Fannie, our baby—the joy of the
family—will be three the 25th of May. She is a good child, and can
talk nearly everything, but has outgrown her clothes.
Now, dear brothers and sisters in Christ, is it asking
too much of you to try and sympathize with us in our starving condition?
Yesterday I walked three miles to get something to eat. I got a good dinner,
and twenty pounds of corn meal, and that is all we have to eat. I have been a
Baptist ever since I was 16, and I am now 53. My wife has neuralgia, and would
like to get a good warm dress and a hood for her head. As we have no cow, nor
meat, perhaps some of the kind brothers can spare a little pork or lard. For
the last two months I have had a continued gnawing at my stomach for want of
sufficient food of the right kind. I do like a cup of good tea when I can get
it.
I would say that you need not hesitate to send
cast-off clothing, or old boots and shoes; all will be of service to us. Size
of cap, 7½, size of shoes, for myself, 7's; for my wife, 6's. If in the kind
providence of God you should take compassion on us, please direct the box to
Junction City, and He who says “Love one another as I have loved you,” will
bless and reward you. JAMES ROBERTS.
N. B.—I would like three or four bottles of Dr.
Rogers’ liver remedy, for my asthma and catarrh, as it does me more good than
anything else I have tried. It costs $1 per bottle. J. R.
Upon receipt of the above, Mr. Burton wrote to a
friend in Clay County inquiring as to the truth of the statements made by
Roberts, and Mr. H. W. Smith, of Exeter, was appointed to investigate the
matter. He reports that Roberts has been imposing on the public by begging,
when he is in good circumstances, and much better off than many of his
homestead neighbors. Mr. Smith writes us under date of March 17th,
and says that Roberts is unworthy of aid or sympathy.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, March 19, 1874.
In addition to what has been said in the telegraph
lately about the Prince Imperial, we desire to add a hope that he did not
attain his majority by fraud.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, March 19, 1874.
We learn that the L. L. & G. railroad has
consolidated with the Missouri River, Ft. Scott & Gulf road, both roads to
be under the same management after April 1st.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, March 19, 1874.
It seems to be the intention of providence to render
the month of March as disagreeable as possible, and we can only rejoice that we
have passed through the biggest half of it.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, March 19, 1874.
The Leavenworth Times has lately been going for
Buell, the voracious but not veracious correspondent of the Detroit Free
Press and St. Louis Republican. Burke always was a fellow what would
Hugh to the lyin.
[The
correspondent in the next article was “N,” believed to be Professor Norton.]
A
BLACK WEEK ON THE PLAINS.
A
Trip to the Osage Indian Camp on the Arkansas.
A
Plains Storm.—A Council and Treaty of Amity.—An Osage Funeral.
The
Scalp Dance.—Etc., Etc.
The Commonwealth, April 1, 1874.
ARKANSAS
CITY, March 26, 1874.
From Our Regular Correspondent.
The recent delay in the confirmation of the Osage
agent, and the discussion in regard to the habits of that tribe, call to mind
events which came under my observation upon the plains one year ago.
I started, on the morning of the 26th of
January, 1873, from the Apache village on the Cimarron for the Osage camps upon
the Salt Fork of the Arkansas. There were two teams, with their drivers, and an
Osage guide, Montihe. The morning was clear and pleasant, with an inch or two
of snow upon the ground. We crossed the “Eagle-Chief,” a deep-banked, miry
stream, and camped that night upon the crest of the divide between the two
rivers. The night was mild and starry, but before morning a chill east wind
began to blow, and the air became hazy. Fearing a storm, we geared up hastily,
and started toward the north.
Before nine o’clock the norther had grown to a
screaming hurricane, and the now was falling in blinding sheets. The sun was
invisible, the prairie trackless, and Montihe dumb. He lay rolled up in his
blanket at the bottom of the wagon, and refused to stir or speak. At 3 P. M.
the exhausted animals refused to face the tempest any longer. It was truly
horrible; intensely cold, snow falling in clouds, the wind blowing like an
Arctic hurricane. And we were out upon the salt-plains, with no semblance of
shelter, and no chance for a fire. Montihe gave us but cold comfort. He only
said, “I am glad you have stopped; we are all going to die now.”
We tied up our exhausted animals to the lee side of
the wagons, strapped all our blankets upon them, rolled up in buffalo robes,
and struggled for life during the night. The sun came out by ten the next
morning. We had wandered many miles out of the way, and did not reach our
destination until sunset. We were badly frozen, and about ready to succumb,
having been thirty-six hours without food or fire, in the worst storm of the
winter.
We found the Big Hill Osage camp crowded with
strangers. A large delegation of Pawnees had just arrived from Nebraska. These
Pawnees are the most adroit and successful of horse thieves, but for once had
been beaten at their own game. A party of Cheyennes, a few months before, had
stolen upon their camp on the plains, and had stampeded about fifteen hundred
horses. And, so the devil being sick a monk would be, and these Pawnees had
started out upon a grand peace-making expedition, and had come to the Osage
camp to hold a council, make a treaty of perpetual friendship, and endeavor to
learn the whereabouts of their missing animals.
The council was held on the 28th. Being a
white man, and able to write formal documents, I was called in, and produced
the following.
“KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That we, the chiefs
and counselors of the Great and Little Osages, and of the Pawnee Nation, have
assembled in council at the Big Hill camp on the Salt Plains, upon this
twenty-eighth day of January, 1874, for the purpose of making a treaty of peace
and friendship.
“We hereby acknowledge that we have, in times past,
been guilty of many acts of hostility and violence toward each other; and we
heartily repent of having committed such acts, and mutually forgive all past
injuries and offences.
“We furthermore agree to abstain from molesting each
other by acts of murder, theft, or any sort of unfriendliness or violence; and
we pledge ourselves to meet each other with kindness and good will at all
times, and to live together as loving brethren henceforth forever.
“In testimony whereof we have hereunto appended our
signatures at the time and place above mentioned; and we request that copies of
this treaty be sent to our respective agents, for permanent preservation in the
archives of the Osage and Pawnee Nations.”
To this document the euphonious names of the various
dignitaries were duly appended, each touching the pen as his own peculiar
polysyllable atrocity was registered. Two clean copies of the treaty were made
out for the agents. “Send a copy to Uncle Enoch Hoag,” remarked Bill Conner,
the half-breed; “Peace is more’n half a Indian’s living.”
There was a great feast, and then the Pawnees started
south toward the Cheyenne camps. Before leaving they told the Osages that one
of their number was left up toward the Kansas line; that he was hunting, had
strayed from the rest, was probably encamped, and would come in on their trail
as soon as the cold abated. They asked that he might be kindly treated, which
the Osages promised.
Upon the next day Leotasa died. She was the daughter
of the well-known Little Bear, and wife of Connor aforesaid. She was murdered
by the aboriginal representatives of Betsy Prig and Mrs. Gamp. Suffering from
pneumonia, and in the pangs of child birth, she was carried out upon the ice
with the Mercury near zero, and there her baby was born. In less than six
hours, both were dead. She was educated at the Mission; spoke English fluently,
and was the only lady in the Osage Nation.
The widower was immediately beset by the “young
bucks.” Why not send out the war-party at once, and kill that Pawnee?
You must know, gentle reader, that every Osages
funeral, properly conducted, included as an integral part a war party, fitted
out at the expense of the survivor. The dead cannot rest well unless a fresh
scalp is hanging over his grave. This custom is, as far as I know, peculiar to
the tribe. Nine tenths of the murders committed upon the whites and upon other
tribes may be traced to this source. The party is usually sent out after thirty
days of mourning, but in this case the proximity of a lonely Pawnee was enough
to overcome usage. Soon after a party of seventy men, fully armed and painted
black, rode toward the north. They were not pleasant to look at. The sad,
gentle, almost beautiful little woman in whose honor the horrid rite was
enacted, was buried in a shallow grave by the Salt Fork.
Upon the following day loud yells and rapid volleys in
the distance announced the approach of the victorious (!) Party. They came
wildly galloping into camp, brandishing upon a lance the Pawnee scalp, and with
the voices and faces of devils incarnate.
Preparations were speedily made for the last act of
the war dance. A great oval ring was cleaned of rubbish; two burning log-heaps
occupied the face of the ellipse; in the center sat the orchestra, a group of
old men beating improvised drums and shaking calabashes of small pebbles. In
the midst a pole was planted, decorated with skunk-skins and Pawnee scalps. The
oval track was occupied by men and women ranged alternately, adorned with their
utmost efforts in the way of paint and finery.
[Article
has “Chetopa.” Generally “Chetopah” was used in newspapers.]
The scalp-dance that followed was perhaps the most
imposing ever witnessed upon the plains. It was a mad, demoniac orgy, which I
have no power to describe. Let the imagination of the reader fill up the
picture. The dance was repeated at intervals for many days. A month later, I
was in Chetopa’s camp of Little Osages. Che-she-wa-ta-in-ka, the finest flower
of Big Hill dandyhood, came into camp with the same Pawnee scalp, which seemed
as inexhaustible as the widow’s cruse. The orgy was repeated on a smaller
scale. Chetopa is sometimes considered the finest specimen of Osage
civilization. He is too old and fat to dance, but he was head drummer in the
orchestra that day.
After the dance was over, “Alvin,” or “Eawaska,”
Chetopa’s interpreter, asked me what I thought about it.
“It is very bad,” I said.
“I think jes’ so, we’re ‘shame,’ said Eawaska.
I was delighted at this expression of penitence, and
began to hope that the good seed sown at Osage Mission by Father Shoemaker
[Schoenmakers] was germinating. But Eawaska continued.
“My frin’, we think it mean to dance around scalp the
Big Hills git. We’re going to git scalp ourselfs. Soon’s grass starts, we’ll
send out war-party, and if we find them Pawnees, we’ll kill it.”
I was disgusted.
The Little Osages were as good as their word. The war
party went out, and killed Isadawa, the civilized Wichita, about which I will
tell in my next.
My object in writing the above is to illustrate the
beauties of the Indian treaty system, and the need of a better policy of the
Indian territory. The principal mystery is, that such old offenders as the
Pawnees were so easily taken in.
And I wish to illustrate the fact that the Osages need
a strong government, stronger than they have had for the last four years. N.
MORE
REFORM.
The Commonwealth, April 1, 1874.
We have had occasion to criticize a good many of the
acts of the last legislature, and thought that we were about through with the
unpalatable business. But in an “act” published in yesterday’s COMMONWEALTH, we
find many other counties that of Harper included, with leave and power granted
to the board of county commissioners of that county, to issue bonds, not to
exceed fifteen thousand dollars. Some time last fall Harper County was said to
have been organized. It was represented in the last legislature by one Wm. H.
Horner. The circumstances of that organization were, to say the least, very
questionable; so much so that it was a matter of serious investigation by the
house. It was freely stated and admitted by all, except Mr. Horner himself,
that there was not one solitary family actually residing in Harper County, at
the time it was said to have been organized; but owing to the fact that the
election returns were sworn to, and those returns showed, on their face, that
Harper contained the requisite number of voters, namely 250, the committee saw
proper not to go back of that, consequently Mr. Horner was allowed to retain
his seat. But what is the indebtedness of Harper County? It has not been
organized more than six months; with a population not to exceed two hundred and
fifty persons, and yet three men have been empowered by our late reform
legislature, to issue fifteen thousand dollars of the bonds of that county. In
other words, they may mortgage every foot of land in that county before hand,
to liquidate an imaginary indebtedness, divide with Mr. Horner, pocket the
remainder, and return to the bosom of their families at Baxter Springs, where
they all reside. So much in the name of retrenchment and reform. We will have
more to say of this in the future. Winfield Courier.
[The lengthy heading of the following article was
almost completely obliterated on the microfilm copy. I may have erred in some
of the words. MAW]
OUR
WASHINGTON LETTER.
The
Financial Question.
The
Black Bob and Kaw Indian Lands.
Reasoner
Most Likely to be Confirmed.
The
Republican Party Influence of Ingalls and Harvey.
Commissioner
Smith.
The Commonwealth, April 10, 1874.
WASHINGTON,
April 2, 1874.
From A Regular Correspondent.
Between the memorialists and the crusaders, there is a
sad disquietude resting with its melancholy cloud over the capital city. It is
nearly as quiet on the banks of the Potomac as when McClellan was pressing on
to Richmond with his face towards Washington. This is the month of showers and
tears and discontent, made still more wet and miserable by the continued
presence of that itinerant hydrant, Dr. Die Lewis. Washington is not only
threatened with a deluge, but it is being undermined by a fossillized production
of the old canal. This singular species advances backward, with its tail always
toward the city. It is found all along the “sewers” and near the Pyramid, and
is commonly called a crazy fish. Geologists have carefully examined that
immense stratification which from a distance resembles an oil derrick, and
calculated the ages of both, and alas for science, both date back and are
absolutely lost in the pre-Adamite period. In addition to this, congress is
threatened with a raid. The intention seems to have been to get up an immense
moral spectacle that should throw the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in the
shade. Messrs. Chandler and Carpenter were invited to meet the ladies arm in
arm at the door of the senate—an impressive tableau of temperance and virtue.
The invitation of the ladies was referred to the “committee on finance,” there
being no other standing committee in the senate. The druggists, saloons, and
hotel are getting daily notices and the door-keepers and pages of both houses
of congress are running their legs off with notices to different members. I
suppose that those little tete-a-tetes that one sees so often in the
interior of committee rooms, and in the subterranean restaurants of the capitol
are entirely upon the subject of temperance. There has been a good deal of preying
in congress and a good deal of gushing and sprouting; it will doubtless
increase with the present impetus until with the “tidal wave,” it submerges the
entire country.
THE
FINANCIAL QUESTION.
The votes of both houses of congress have demonstrated
the fact that the reactionists and the contractionists are in a minority. The
majority of this congress are in sympathy with the wants of the people. Its
policy is very plainly indicated, and the result will be an increase of confidence
and a general revival of business. What was especially wanting was a plain and
emphatic declaration on the part of congress as to what its financial policy
was to be. The entire country was waiting with anxious suspense for the
statement. It will breathe freer and easier now that it is made, and none the
less so than it fully justifies the confidence and expectations of the people.
Theories are false and fatal when they fail to include in their analysis the
existence of stubborn facts. The business of the country had wonderfully
increased, and the supply of currency was constantly diminishing. The supply
was not equal to the demand, and hence the natural laws of trade were changed
or failed in their application to the present condition of things. The people
want no better currency than greenbacks. The national banking law has some
objections, not the least of which is its monopoly feature. A free banking
system, based upon government bonds and the issue of currency upon every bond
that is presented, would regulate the question of currency in the most
practical manner, upon the principle of supply and demand.
THE
POWER OF THE WEST.
The star of empire is in the west. The fifty added
members of this congress are from that section. The west is becoming a power in
legislation as well as in politics. It demanded an increase of the currency,
and the votes of both houses show a practical compliance. It demanded cheap
transportation to the sea-board, and one house has already responded to that
demand. It demands the improvement of that great highway of western commerce,
the Mississippi river. The transportation committee of the senate will report
upon the subject next week, and it will most unequivocally recommend the
improvement of the mouth of the Mississippi. Senator Ingalls has devoted much
time and the most industrious research to this question, and the conclusions of
the committee have been largely influenced if not controlled by his superior
judgment and ability. The report of this committee will make a most able and
exhaustive history of this question, and consist of two volumes of one thousand
pages each.
THE
BLACK BOB INDIAN LANDS
are situated in Johnson County, Kansas, and consist of
34,000 acres of the best land in that county. There has been a continued
controversy for years between the settlers living upon these lands and certain
speculators who had purchased the land from the Black Bob band of Shawnee
Indians in regard to the title. Senator Ingalls has drawn up a bill, which will
undoubtedly pass both houses and become a law, which will be satisfactory to
all parties. The bill provides for the appointment of three commissioners to
graduate the price of these lands, the average price not to be less than five
dollars per acre. The settlers have the preference, and may take the land in
quantities not to exceed 160 acres each at any time within one year, at such
graduated price. If the land is not sold within one year, the purchaser from
the Indian may come in and take the land at the same price, and get credit for
the amount paid by him to the Indian. If the land is not sold to either of
these parties, it is to be sold by sealed bids at not less than the graduated
price. All the patents know as the Black Bot patents, issued under the treaty
of 1854, are set aside and declared null and void, with the exception of those
deeds which have been approved by the secretary of the interior and delivered
to the purchaser. The amount thus approved is only 400 acres. If the land is
sold by sealed bids, the proceeds are to be disposed of in this manner: The
purchaser from the Indian is to receive back his money with twelve per cent
interest from the date of purchase, and in addition thereto twelve per cent for
legal expenses, and the balance is to be distributed among the Black Bob
Indians who have not sold their land, in per capita payments of $600 each, and
the remainder to be divided equally between the whole band. If Senator Ingalls’
bill becomes a law, it will not be long before this rich and valuable tract of
land in Johnson County will be taxable, and the tax-payers of that county
relieved from an oppressive discrimination.
THE
KAW LAND BILL.
Senator Ingalls has introduced a bill for the sale of
the Kaw Indian lands to the settlers at the appraised price of the lands with a
discretionary power in the secretary of the interior to reduce the appraisement
25 per cent if he believes it is too high. Payments are to be made by the
settlers in six annual installments, with a six per cent interest, the first
installment to be paid January 1st, 1875, and subsequently on the
first day of January of each year. The Kaw trust lands consist of 137,000 acres
and are appraised at an average of $2.25 per acre. The diminished reserve
consists of 80,000 acres, which are appraised at an average of $8.00 per acre.
This portion was offered for sale the [an entire line of print is obliterated
by streak] expense of advertising. The present bill will undoubtedly become a
law. Our members of congress deserve a great deal of credit for their untiring
efforts to dispose of these “reserve” questions in such a way that the lands
will not only fall into the hands of actual settlers but be made to contribute
their proper share to the burden of local and state government.
PREDESTINATION
AND CONFIRMATION.
Calvin Reasoner was nominated sometime ago by the
president to be receiver of the land office at Cawker City. It was referred to
the land committee in the senate, where it sweetly sleeps. Calvin is not
considered an orthodox republican. It is not forgotten that he voted in the
last legislature for Simons for United States senator, only changing his vote
to Harvey, when that gentleman was certain to be elected. It is too early to
appoint a receiver for the “new party.” The little game of “Simons,” in which
the democrats all join with “thumbs up,” is too thin.
THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY
is not yet dead in Kansas. When it dies it will be
quite soon enough to appoint an administrator. On the contrary it is vindicating
its past history and fully justifying its claim to the continued confidence of
the people. It is in the front line of reform. It does not stop to look
backward and county its wonderful achievements. It acts in the living present,
and turning its face resolutely to the future, keeps even step with its
advancing line.
The signs of the times indicate with prophetic
certainty that the next national contest will be between the democratic and
republican parties pure and simple. The local success of the democrats in Ohio,
Kentucky, Missouri, and later in New Hampshire and Connecticut, all tend to
secure the triumph of republican principles in that contest. The Bourbons are
wheeling into line, and these are the bugle notes of preparation.
In Kansas the effort to build up a new party with
these old democratic fossils for its chief cornerstone will fail. Kansas is no
longer the “rotten commonwealth.” The republicans have cleansed their own
stables. The money-changers have been driven from the temple, scourged by
republican hands. The Pomeroys and Caldwells will hardly be possible again in
Kansas politics. Did it cost nothing to do this? What party was ever able to do
such a work beside the republican party? We may safely challenge a comparison.
In the place of Pomeroy and Caldwell in the senate, we have the gifted and
scholarly Ingalls, and the plain, honest, and incorruptible Harvey. In the
house we have the zealous and intrepid Phillips, the firm and eloquent Cobb,
and the solid and industrious Lowe.
From its very nature and organization, the republican
party must continue to be the party of progress and reform; and upon every
question of practical interest to the people, it will always be leading in the
advance.
PERSONAL
AND POLITICAL.
The people of Kansas have reason to be proud of the
reputation and influence of their members in both houses of congress. Senator
Ingalls is frequently called to preside over the senate, and he always does so
with dignity and ability. When Senator Boutwell declined to serve as chairman
of the District of Columbia investigating committee on account of ill health,
Senator Ingalls was requested to serve as chairman in his place. This very
flattering distinction was declined because the investigation had proceeded so
far as to make it unadvisable to take it up at that point. Senator Ingalls not
only enjoys the respect and confidence of his associates, but he is evidently
in high favor with the president. I have reason to know that this is true, and
the people of Kansas may well be proud of such a distinction.
Senator Harvey is winning golden opinions every day by
his quiet, unassuming but dignified manners. He is a man of much more ability
than the people of Kansas have generally supposed. He will wear like iron, and
the longer he is known, the better people will like him. Harvey is the “Old
Reliable” of the senate.
Governor Osborn and Colonel G. W. Veale have gone to
New York. It is understood that the governor goes there to appoint a fiscal
agent for the state. Capt. Smallwood is still here. I learn that he is
favorably spoken of as the prospective candidate for governor. Size is nothing,
but brains will tell.
THE
VINDICATION OF COMMISSIONER SMITH.
The Hon. E. P. Smith, commissioner of Indian affairs,
is undoubtedly the most efficient and competent officer that has been at the
head of the Indian bureau in the last twelve years. Most of the commissioners
have been satisfied to sit in the Indian office and form their opinions on
Indian affairs from the reports of the agents. Commissioner Smith has visited
most of the Indian tribes in person, and ascertained by personal observation
their wants and necessities. It is generally known that charges were preferred
against Commissioner Smith last summer by a man by the name of Welch. It is
known because they were published from Maine to California. These charges were
fully investigated and Commissioner Smith was fully and completely vindicated.
This is not as well known because the papers which have circulated these
slanders are not as quick to publish the vindication. It is a matter of serious
regret that a faithful and competent officer like Mr. Smith is slandered and
seriously injured in his feelings and character, and yet the newspapers that
have aided in this injury are not more prompt to publish his innocence. It will
soon be so that an honest man won’t dare to hold an office. C.
[Note:
It is believed that Professor Norton wrote the following article.]
ON
THE PLAINS.
The
Funeral War Parties of the Osage Indians.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
From a Regular Correspondent.
ARKANSAS
CITY, KAN., April 8, 1874.
During the month of April, 1873, I spent some time at
Chetopa’s camp on the Shawkaska river. While there I observed a man in mourning
on the outside of the camp. He had long, matted hair, and was fearfully dirty,
shabby, and emaciated. He had lost his wife in the fall, and had spent the
winter in fasting and mourning, prolonging it much beyond the usual time, which
is thirty days. During this period of mourning, no food is taken during the day
till sunset, and then barely enough to sustain life; there is no washing,
combing, or painting, and the face is smeared with clay and soot. The mourner
described above was the son-in-law of White Swan, Chetopa’s chief counselor.
After the dance around the Pawnee scalp described in
my last, the mourner announced to his people that he had been in grief long
enough. He now wished to send out the war party.
The organization of this was placed in the hands of
two men: Wasashe-Watainka, of the Big Hills, and Ah-humkemi, or the Sentinel,
of the Little Osages. About forty men enlisted, and the party started toward
the southwest.
They traveled nearly ten days before they found any
individual or group convenient to kill. The went down to the north fork of the
Canadian, crossed the Chisholm trail, struck northwesterly across the Cimarron
at the Red Hills, and finally camped in a little ravine near the “Eagle Chief”
creek.
Upon the following morning, a scout announced that
some person, a strange Indian, was coming toward the camp. The party instantly
mounted, and drew up in line in front of the stranger, hidden from his view by
a little rise of ground. He rode quietly along, unsuspicious of danger, till
fairly within their power. His little boy was riding a quarter of a mile behind
him.
At the proper moment the Osage chiefs gave the signal,
and the whole party then charged at full speed, yelling and firing. The
stranger halted and faced them passively, seeing that he could not escape. When
the assailants reached him, the blood was pouring from several wounds, but he
still sat straight up on his horse, and gave his name, ISADAWA. He was
instantly pulled to the ground, beheaded, and scalped. The boy escaped, though
fiercely pursued. Isadawa was one of the most intellectual and well disposed of
all the Indians in the territory. He was head chief of the Wichitas, and had
done much in behalf of the civilization of his people. There was no cause for
war between the two tribes.
The Osages were pursued, but reached their reserve
after a terrible journey, in which several horses were ridden to death. A
prodigious scalp-dance followed.
Salt Creek is a small stream flowing into the Arkansas
on its east side. Here are the permanent camps of the Little Osage, Big Hill,
and White Hair bands.
Shortly after the scalp-dance, scouts came in with a
false alarm—that a large party of Wichitas and Cheyennes had been seen
approaching. The result was a wild alarm and a midnight stampede across the
reserve and into the Cherokee nation.
When the murder was announced at the Osage agency, a
special agent, R. Wetherell, was at once dispatched to the Wichita agency, and
speedily returned with a party of forty-five Wichitas. There were United States
troops at the Osage agency to preserve order. The Wichitas came in just before
the payment, and at once demanded that the murderers be delivered up. This the
Osages refused, offering a thousand dollars instead.
But the Wichitas wouldn’t accept the money. They
wanted the murderers, and nothing less. “You are fools,” said Ah-humkemi, “We
would sell any chief we have for less money than that!” But the Wichitas were
obstinate.
The Osages declare, that if once in the hands of the
Wichitas, they would have been tortured to death out on the plains.
Finally some hundreds of the Osages armed and gathered
around the council. The Wichitas, frightened, compromised, accepted fifteen
hundred dollars, and went home unmolested.
“Cheap enough,” said Ah-humkemi, “that’s only two
dollars per lodge of us; we’ll give that for a scalp dance any time!”
So the Little Osages and Big Hills were covered with
glory. Two war parties had been sent out, and each party had succeeded in
murdering a solitary and unsuspecting wayfarer. The heart of the Black Dog
Osage was moved with envy.
In June the band of Osages last mentioned sent out a
war party. They found three white men in camp, on the new Abilene trail, just
west of Sewell’s ranch on Salt For, One of the Indians was sent out to
reconnoiter. He approached the camp and shot Chambers, the well-known cattle
dealer. The two companions of Chambers returned the fire and killed the Osage.
The other Osages then came to the rescue, and the white men fled. Chambers was
instantly scalped, beheaded, and otherwise mutilated.
The Osage authorities smoothed over the matter by
saying that the murderer had been killed and no one else was to blame. The fact
is, that the men who formed the war party, and who scalped and beheaded
Chambers, were all murderers. And it would seem that every man of the Osage
nation has been, or is expecting soon to be, engaged in some similar tragedy.
Chambers was murdered about the middle of June, 1873,
and that month the Black Dogs danced around his scalp.
The agents of the other tribes complain bitterly about
this habit of sending out funeral war parties. They say that it is peculiar to
the Osages, and that thereby a constant state of warfare is kept up. These
people are better armed than any other tribe, and the war spirit seems to be
growing among them.
Ah-humkemi speaks good English, and is the best
interpreter in the Osage nation. Soon after the murder of Isadawa, he came to
my house, very sick. His Osage neighbors had assisted him to ride some fifty miles.
He was quite broken down by his ride for life from the Cimarron to the Osage
agency.
“Professor,” said he, “I’m a-going to pass in my
checks. I’ve brought my horses along for I think you can spend ’em better’n
these d d Indians; and I
wish you’d take care of me.”
I took care of him, and he did not “pass in his
checks.” He went home with his horses in about two weeks, greatly improved in
health.
The grass is beginning to start on the plains. It will
soon be time to hear of more “funeral war parties” of Osages. N.
[Note: In Volume II, The Indians, from the newspaper
accounts given, particularly the Winfield Courier, it appeared that Bill
Connor was a full blood Osage. Thanks to Professor Norton, it is now clear that
he was a half-breed. Norton used the Indian name of “Ah-humkemi” for Bill
Connor. C. M. Scott called him “Ah-hun-ke-mi,” and considered him a close
friend during the later events covered by Scott. MAW]
STATE
REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
There will be a meeting of the above committee at
Topeka, on Wednesday, the 15th of April prox. SAM D. LECOMPTE,
Chairman. LEAVENWORTH, March 23, 1874.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
A correspondent from Aurora, Kansas, sends us a postal
card briefly telling of a sad casualty that happened in that neighborhood. Two
children named Coaler were playing around a wood pile with an axe when by some
unexplained process one of them, a little girl, so placed her hand that it was
chopped off by the other. If there is a moral in this brief story, we leave
doting parents to hunt it out.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
The Girard Press details an account of a
horse-whipping in that town which does not speak well for either the fair play
or order loving character of some of the neutral land settlers. It appears that
one Charles McReynolds was living on a piece of land which the highest court in
the county had decided belonged to another, and which McReynolds showed no
disposition to purchase from the railroad company that owned it. A man named
John Long did purchase and pay for this land, and McReynolds, learning the
fact, waylaid him in the street, first presented a loaded pistol at his head to
prevent his resistance, and gave him a cruel horse-whipping. The witnesses of
this action, who were sympathizers with McReynolds and the principle of illegal
usurpation he represented, proceeded to divide the horse whip into inch pieces,
which they sold at 50 cents a relic to the sentimental admirers of such brutal
cowardice, and the amount realized, $5, they presented with admiring effusion
to the assailant. The people and press of Kansas have bestowed a large amount
of sympathy on these neutral land settlers, and praised their moderation in
accepting the fiat of the courts after using all peaceful endeavors to retain
their homes. It would seem from this that this sympathy and praise, as regards
some of the neutral-landers, is decidedly misplaced.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
There are in Kansas today hundreds of men waiting to
begin improvements on town lots and farms who are only detained by the high
interest rates on money. If congress does not consume the session before it
fixes the currency at the figure of the pending bill, there will be begun and
ended more improvements in Kansas this year than ever before, notwithstanding
it follows the panic.
THE
REPUBLICAN CONGRESSIONAL CONVENTION.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
The COMMONWEALTH has already published a list of the
committee appointed at the congressional convention at Lawrence in the fall of
1872. This committee is now called upon to make arrangements for holding
congressional conventions in the several districts the coming fall. By a call
which has appeared at the head of our editorial columns for several days past,
it will be seen that the committee will meet in this city today. What it shall
do is not as yet known, we suppose, to any of the members, but plans will be
developed in discussion and the best decided upon. The province of this
committee, as we understand it, is general and extends throughout the state. It
has the power to fix a time and place for holding conventions in the several
districts, at which conventions the district organizations in each district and
be perfected. It is a very important political duty that has been entrusted to
this committee, and one which they cannot too carefully and conscientiously
exercise. We hope their session will prove harmonious and result to the credit
and advantage of the party.
THE
U. S. DISTRICT COURT.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, April 15, 1874.
In our proceedings of the United States district court
yesterday, it will be seen that a large number of cases have been continued
generally or a nolle prosequi entered in behalf of the defendants. It
was found that the docket was cumbered with a mass of cases in which the
parties defendant were fugitives from justice or had never been arrested,
though frequent alias writs had been issued. The United States district
attorney, the court coinciding, thought it a wise measure of economy to
continue a large number of these cases generally, and thus clear them from the
docket where they impeded business and cost the government money. Trials will
proceed regularly today, the case of J. T. Holmes, of Wichita, charged with
opening registered letters, being fixed for a hearing. It is likely this case
will continue several days, and witnesses from several states have been
subpoenaed and are in attendance. The court finds it difficult to secure the
attendance of witnesses, a defect that seems always to have existed in the
federal judicial machinery of our state. Stringent measures will now be initiated
to remedy this defect and compel obedience to the court’s mandates. The bent of
all the officers of the court seems to be towards a dispatch of business, and
it is to be presumed that there will be little reason hereafter to complain of
the law’s delay.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
The action of the house in passing the senate currency
bill is already bearing its legitimate fruit. Our dispatches this morning
indicate a very depressed feeling on Wall street yesterday.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
Dispatches from Washington are to the effect that a
scheme will be sprung in congress in a
[three words impossible to read] for the immediate recognition of the
independence of the Cuban republic by the United States.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
An insane man visited the white house at Washington on
Monday and demanded admittance in order that he might present his claims for
office. He was arrested and taken to the station house, where he will serve his
country until further orders.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
A bill has been introduced in the Ohio house of
representatives to amend the code of civil procedure so as to exempt editors
and proprietors of newspapers from testifying as to the identity of persons
from whom they receive communications.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
Spotted Tail and his band, like evil-disposed tenants
of civilized extraction, refuse to submit to the discomforts of removal, and
say they won’t budge an inch from their present reservation. The tribe also
contends that its numbers just as much now as ever it did, and wants its
rations augmented instead of being cut down.
THE
GREGARIOUS BENDERS.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
Another flock of the ubiquitous Bender family has been
arrested, this time at Salt Lake City, where the excitement over the event is
so great as to completely obliterate the hostilities existing between Mormon
and Gentile. The circumstances of the arrest may be summed up as follows: Some
weeks ago an old man emerged from the Wasatch mountains, one hundred and fifty
miles from Salt Lake, and from his general appearance and conduct, he was
believed to be the original, moss-backed Bender, of Kansas infamy. His
photograph was taken and sent to the governor of this state, who returned it
with statements from Senator York and others, all agreeing that the photograph greatly
resembled the murderer. He answers fully to the published description, and has
several times been recognized by different parties in Salt Lake; one knew him
in Pike County, Illinois, for seven years, and another had seen him at least
fifty times at different ranches in Kansas within the last two years. Judging
by the photograph, he looks mean enough to have performed all that is charged
against Bender without realizing any mental compunctions.
Since the arrest of the supposed old Bender, the
officers have brought up from the south a young man who answers to the
description of young Bender, and are now scouring the mountain passes for a
young woman who answers to the description of Katharine Bender, such a person
having been seen in the southern settlements, recently, almost naked. After
obtaining food and clothing, she disappeared, and it is now thought the whole
family have been in the mountains all winter, and have been driven out by
starvation into the settlements.
In addition to the above, Fred Lockley writes to the Leavenworth
Commercial that he has looked the probable Bender square in the face, and
believes him to be the notorious monster and bloody murderer of Cherryvale
celebrity. Since his arrest he has been playing the insanity dodge, and
pretends to understand nothing that is said to him, though the correspondent
states that he has several times casually answered to the name of Bender. So
firm is Lockley’s conviction that the man now in durance file is the genuine
Bender, that he proposes a plan for his punishment that will at once commend
itself to every lover of poetic justice. His suggestion is that the culprit be
hung up by the thumbs and worked into mincemeat by the process of being
perforated with a gimlet. This operation may seem like torture, and, if carried
out, the Benders might feel considerably bored over it, but certain it is that
no punishment is too severe for the enormous crimes committed by them. The
story of this family, living for months over the secreted bodies of their
victims, is the most horrible on record, exceeding in atrocity the most
disgusting tales of outrage in the French capital, and their final capture will
be a very gratifying item of news to the people of Kansas.
WASHINGTON.
THE
FINANCE BILL.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
Washington, April 15. The finance bill having received
the signatures of the president pro tem of the senate and of the speaker of the
house of representatives will be presented to the president tomorrow for his
approval. There are no indications that he will withhold it.
GOVERNOR
OF COLORADO.
Washington, April 15. The senate committee on
territories, as a result of a prolonged investigation of the charges brought by
Delegate Chaffee against Edward McCook, decided to recommend as governor of
Colorado in place of H. B. Ebert, to be removed.
CONFIRMED.
The senate has confirmed Llewellyn Davis, receiver of
public moneys.
STATE
OF MEXICO.
The house committee on territories today agreed to
report a bill for the admission of New Mexico into the union as a state.
FOREIGN.
Arrival
of Livingstone’s Remains.
Archbishop
Ledowiski Convicted.
Terrible
Explosion in a Coal Mine.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 16, 1874.
TERRIBLE
EXPLOSION.
London, April 15. A shocking explosion occurred today
in a coal mine in Duncanfield, near Lancashire, by which a large number of
miners were killed and injured, many of the latter being terribly burned. Thus
far 30 bodies have been recovered. It is feared that many more remain in the
mine.
A later dispatch states that 46 bodies have been
recovered from the mine at Duncanfield in which the explosion occurred. One
hundred miners have been safely recovered. The explosion was caused by naked
lights.
LIVINGSTONE’S
REMAINS.
The Goulhauytion steamer Molina, with the body of Dr.
Livingstone on board, arrived here this morning.
THE
REMAINS RECEIVED.
Southampton, April 15. In accordance with the
programme, the mayor received the remains of Dr. Livingstone at 11 A. M. today,
when they were taken to the railway station on the way to London. During the
passage of the procession minute guns were fired and bells tolled. A multitude
of spectators lined the route of the procession.
ARRIVAL
AT LONDON.
London, April 15. The train bearing the remains of Dr.
Livingstone arrived at London this evening. There were few spectators at the
depot, and the body was transferred to the hearse and followed by a line of
carriages to the geographical society’s rooms, where the coffin was deposited
to await the final obsequies.
STANLEY
RECOGNIZED.
London, April 15. (Herald Special)—Fifty
thousand people were present at the landing of Dr. Livingstone’s body. Mr.
Wainwright, on meeting Stanley, recognized him and gave him a circumstantial
account of the last news of the great explorer. The funeral has been appointed
for Saturday, at Westminster Abbey. Stanley has been selected as one of the
pall bearers.
CONVICTED.
Berlin, April 15. The trial of Archbishop Ledowiski,
of Posen, for violation of ecclesiastical laws, resulted in his conviction, and
he has been sentenced to dismissal from his see. No appeal from the judgment
will be allowed.
THE
COLLIERY EXPLOSION.
London, April 15. Dispatches from Ashton-under-Tyne,
this evening report that 53 persons were killed by the colliery explosion at
Durkenfield, and 50 bodies recovered.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, April 24, 1874.
A school teacher in De Witt County, Illinois, has
introduced a new method of punishment into his school. When one of the girls
misses a word, the lad who spells it has permission to kiss her. The Clinton
Public says: “The result is that the girls are fast forgetting all they
ever knew about spelling, while the boys are improving with wonderful
rapidity.”
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, April 24, 1874.
Speaking of the new Senator, the Boston Advertiser says:
“The man upon whom the lot has fallen will not abuse the confidence of
Massachusetts. He has been a long time in her service, and in every station of
duty and responsibility, he has shown wisdom and courage, faithfulness and
devotion to the public welfare. Honors have come to him without seeking, but
they have not been misplaced.”
THE
BENDERS.
The
Old Man Captured at Salt Lake Believed to be the Genuine Article.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, April 24, 1874.
From the Fort Scott Monitor, 22nd.
Yesterday, in company with Mr. Bettis, of Oswego,
Labette County, we called on Mr. James Newberry, at the county jail, and were
shown some photographs just received by him, of the old man lately captured at
Salt Lake City, who is supposed to be the old man Bender. Mr. Bettis knew the
old man very well when he was in this state, and he pronounced this photograph
to be the exact likeness of old Bender, except in this picture the beard is
long, bristling, shaggy, iron gray, while the old man when here usually wore
his head cropped or saved close. The eyes, forehead, hair, mouth, etc., are the
same. Others who knew Bender give it as their opinion that there can scarcely
be any doubt but this photograph is that of the old man Bender himself.
Mr. Newberry received the photographs yesterday from
the chief of police at Salt Lake City, enclosed in the following letter.
Marshal James Newberry, Fort Scott, Kansas.
A man who has been identified by four men as old
Bender has been captured in the southern part of this territory. The men who
arrested him have backed out and left him in my custody. As the reward will not
do more than cover expenses, I do not want to start with him until satisfied
that he is the right man. Enclosed please find photographs which you will do me
the favor to examine, and telegraph immediately whether he is the man or not.
Yours respectfully, ANDREW BURT, Chief of Police.
The photographs enclosed were of the most
villainous-looking man that ever sat before a camera. We believe that it is
Bender. Four men there identify him, and several men here, who lived in the
same county and know him well say that old man Bender and nobody else sat for
those photographs.
OLD
BENDER.
HIS
ARRIVAL IN TOPEKA.
The
Venerable Head of a Family of Butchers.
He
Exactly Tallies With the Description.
A
Full Account of His Apprehension and Capture.
The
Family Hibernate in the Mountains of Utah.
An
Old Lady in Custody for Mrs. Bender.
The Commonwealth, April 28, 1874.
Kansas will not soon forget the series of unparalleled
murders that were brought to light last year in the vicinity of Thayer, just
off the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston road. The revolting facts need
only be referred to, the name of Bender being almost a household word in every
state in the union.
It is enough to say that the annals of crime in
America furnish no parallel to the ghoulish atrocities committed by this family
consisting of four persons, an old German and his wife and their son and
daughter. In every part of the country Old Benders and Kate Benders have been
apprehended by the score, that exactly tallied with the description and who as
much as confessed they were the famous criminals. In Indiana, Iowa, Illinois,
Missouri, and North Carolina, and other states for aught we know, curious
acting people who were without antecedents and who could not give a coherent
account of themselves were straightway clapped in jail for members of the
Bender family, and the governor of Kansas telegraphed to for a requisition. If
this request had been complied with in every instance it has been made, we
would have an assortment of suspicious people that no
ROGUES’
GALLERY
in the land could match.
There was a common sense theory as to the direction
the Benders had taken, which all detectives who have given any attention to the
case coincided in, and which Governor Osborn considered the only true theory on
which to base a search. This theory supposed them to have made tracks as fast
as possible to Texas, by way of the Indian Territory, thence they would endeavor
to double like foxes, and might make their way into New Mexico, cross into
Colorado, and possibly not stop till they reached the mountains of Utah. This
was undoubtedly their course, and they undoubtedly made most of this roundabout
course on foot, avoiding as much as possible contact with people who might be
supposed to be familiar with their crimes. It will be remembered that they had
A
MONTH THE START
of their pursuers, and during that time could have
been far enough along in their circuitous journey to complete it at their
leisure, without danger of being overtaken.
YOUNG
BENDER.
About two months ago a young German came to some
miners at the foot of the Wasatch mountains, in a very destitute condition, and
asked for work. This was given to him and his wants supplied. He had been
employed but a short time when the miners noticed some footsteps in the snow
leading from his tent door up the side of the mountain. They called his
attention to these and received no explanation, but the next day the man disappeared
and has not since been seen. The miners thus had their suspicions aroused and
began to reconnoiter the valley, when, within a day or two, they fell in with
the individual who is now in the Shawnee County jail, and supposed to be
OLD
BENDER.
When found he was in the most abject condition, having
on what was supposed to be a suit of pilot cloth, but the original material was
so obscured with filth as not to be recognizable. His feet were enveloped in
improvised shoes, made out of old boot legs, and were badly frozen. The shoes
were found to exactly fit the tracks in the snow leading down the mountain side
to the tent. He was taken into custody and at first assumed to be dumb. He
refused to understand either English or German. His silence was first overcome
by asking him if he would like to have some tobacco, and, before he bethought
himself, he blurted out, “Ja.” He
was then tied up out in the cold, and the rigors of the climate soon brought
him to terms, and he said that his name was Johann Koch, and that he was from
Buffalo, New York. When accused of being old Bender, he held up his hands—from
both of which the little finger is absent—remarking in guttural Platt-Deutsch
that Bender had
ONLY
ONE FINGER GONE,
while he had two. In conversation with a German in
Salt Lake he admitted that he had farmed in Kansas, but would not say where or
when. Before being brought to Salt Lake, it is said that a German met him,
recognized him, and conversed long and familiarly with him. It was suspected
that this was young Bender. He was searched for soon after, but had
disappeared, and pursuit was at once institute for him, and it is said that he
has since been caught and is in custody in southern Utah.
BENDER
IN TOPEKA.
On Sunday morning it became known throughout the city
that old Bender and Mrs. Bender were in the county jail, and a throng of people
soon surrounded the iron-grated basement and began peering curiously through. A
reporter of the COMMONWEALTH visited the jail in the afternoon, and there met
Mr. Alvin Burt, the chief of police of Salt Lake City, from whom he obtained
most of the above facts. Mr. Burt said that the old man had been recognized by
two or three individuals in Utah as the veritable old Bender. One had been a
county clerk in the county in Illinois that old Bender came from when moving
further west. He had recorded some conveyances for him and knew him well. The
name which he has not assumed, that of Johann Koch, is the name of his
brother-in-law, who lives in Illinois. When first brought to Salt Lake, Mr.
Burt said that he had been addressed in English, French, high and low German,
but had pretended ignorance of them all. Mr. Burt sent photographs to the
governor and the chief of police of Fort Scott. The governor sent them to A. M.
York, who replied that they bore a startling resemblance to Bender senior. The
Fort Scott official was most sanguine. He replied confidentially by telegraph,
“THAT
MAN IS OLD BENDER.”
A requisition was applied for and sent on, and Mr.
Burt came to Kansas with his prisoner. He said that the reward of $500 would
not more than pay his expenses, though from the published descriptions which
Governor Osborn had caused to be scattered all over the country, he had little
doubt but that this was the head of the Bender family.
HIS
APPEARANCE
would justify anyone in arresting him on suspicion, at
all events, for if he is not the father of the house of Bender, he certainly
ought to be. He is too much the ideal Bender not to be the real. He is a man
about five feet seven inches high. His grizzly beard straggles like seaweed
over his face and his matted gray hair falls in filthy negligence over his eyes
and around his ears. His complexion is sallow, his forehead low, and his
wide-apart, deep set eyes of pale blue cast, glower from under his heavy
overhanging brow like the eyes of a wild animal. His shoulders are bent more
from habit apparently than from age, and he has the clumsy shuffling gait of a
trained bear walking on its hind legs. His voice is pectoral, being emitted
from the chest in a sort of dissonant guttural. In speaking, which he does
after much persuasion, he posts out his lips, opens his mouth several times as
if shaping the word, and begins with an incoherent stutter. All these traits he
has in common with Bender of the published description, and another peculiarity
that establishes his identity with Bender is the habit of nervously lifting his
hat and scratching his shaggy head with his forefinger. It was suggested by
someone, when this habit was referred to, that it might be rather parasitical
than pathological. There is
LITTLE
OR NO DOUBT,
however, but that this is the veritable Bender.
Nature, however prolific with lower types, is not likely to make two such
creatures as this in the same mould.
A
PUBLIC INSPECTION.
Before the ancient Bender had been long in town, the
jail was surrounded with curious throngs. Mr. Burt suggested to Sheriff Wade
that there might be someone in the crowd who might be able to identify him. He
said that in Salt Lake he found it necessary to satisfy the curiosity of the
crowds who surrounded the jail and clamored for a sight of him, by placing him
in the door and letting them gaze their fill at a monster whose atrocious fame
has filled the civilized world. Sheriff Wade, therefore, brought up old Bender,
placed a chair for him on the courthouse steps, and for an hour or two his
lowering, brutal face and figure were scanned by hundreds of people. All day
yesterday he divided the interest with the circus, and curious crowds tried
ineffectually to perforate the stone walls with their vision. Many were
admitted to look at him. Telegrams have been sent to Senator York and others
who had seen the Benders, to have them come here and identify him, but up to
the present writing they have not arrived.
HEARING
OF HOME.
While the reporter was interviewing Bender in his
cell, a friend who accompanied him began a conversation with the illustrious
prisoner. He became communicative for a moment and rattled away quite
cheerfully in his guttural patois about his being from Buffalo, New
York. All at once our friend claimed him for an old acquaintance; said he had
met him at Thayer and at Cherryvale, and the venerable Bender shut up like a
clam, with a very wicked cunning and intent look on his battered visage. His
memory of his Kansas acquaintances is very defective.
On a bench in another corner of the cell sat a quiet,
dejected-looking old woman, well dressed in a drab shawl and gloves, a cleanly
dress and a green baize ribbed bonnet of a Quaker-like shape. She had a German
cast of countenance, and looked like some hard-working old frau, who had
seen unpleasant days. Her face was not a pleasant one to look at, yet she was
not ill-looking. The old woman had been arrested on the train by some
super-serviceable detective as
MRS.
BENDER.
She does not tally with the description and it is very
unlikely that that old harridan was ever as well dressed as this suspicioned
party in her life. She is the victim, beyond doubt, of that Bender catching
mania that seems to have possessed every pragmatical numbskull with a bent to
the detective business, in the country. She should be released from custody at
once, and sent to her home and friends, if she has any, without delay.
KATE
BENDER.
It is said, too, that Kate Bender has been in Utah,
and that detectives are on her track. It is said a woman answering to the
description of Kate Bender obtained work from a family at Provo, in southern
Utah. She was in a most deplorable condition, half naked and nearly famished.
When she had been relieved and was recruited from her sufferings, she took all
the food there was on the supper table and suddenly disappeared. It is believed
that this family have been hiding somewhere in the mountains all winter, and
being made desperate by hunger and privations, have ventured down into the
settlements.
The old Bender seems at times to be overcome by
paroxysms of fear and will set to shaking as if afflicted with the ague. He wrote
his name on a slip of paper for the reporter in German characters. The letters
were neatly formed, though the cramped fingers made it a slow process. The name
written was “Johann Koch.” It will be known when the witnesses arrive from
Bender’s home whether this is the veritable Bender or one of the strangest
coincidences of apparent identity on record.
A
COSY PLACE.
The Commonwealth, April 28, 1874.
The throng around the courthouse since the arrival of
Bender (?), is small in comparison with the crowds that visit Pete Miller’s
reconstructed cigar store, 189 Kansas avenue. He has recently made many
improvements in the inner arrangement of the store, re-painted the wood-work,
ornamented the walls, and “erected” a beautiful carpet, soft as velvet to the
tread. There is nothing in Topeka, in the way of a store, that is neater than
Miller’s.
We are glad to be able to state that his cigars are
becoming very popular every day, and it is with difficulty that he supplies his
constantly increasing trade. He is about adding to his manufacturing
facilities, however, and will soon be enabled to meet any demand. He has also
just received an assortment of new pipes of the latest spring and summer
styles. People who are now using pipes, which are three thousand years old, a
puff of whose smoke would raise a blister on a door knob, and the smell of
which would be as productive of results as a stomach pump, ought to throw them
away immediately, or sacrifice them upon the altar of cremation and buy new
ones at Miller’s.
BENDER
OR NOT BENDER.
That
is the Agitating Question.
The
Wild Man of the Mountains.
Now
Thought to be Only a Resemblance.
The
Reported Mrs. Bender a German Missionary.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
Two persons arrived from the neighborhood of the
Bender butcheries yesterday to see if they could identify the nondescript
plantigrade who is now held with the belief that he is the man. One of them, a
physician from Chetopa, brought a letter from Col. York to Gov. Osborn. He said
he believed that this man was the veritable Bender. Another man, a German named
Dietz, who claimed to know Bender well, says it is not Bender at all. Among
those who profess familiarity with his personal appearance, the opinion as to
his identity seems to be about evenly divided. He yesterday gave some
intelligible account of himself to Wm. Tholen, Esq., of Leavenworth, who
visited him in his cell. He says his name is Johannes Koch, that he was born in
Winterlingen County (Oberamml,) kingdom of Wurtenburg, Germany, in the
romantic and celebrated Schwartzenwald or Black Forest. His sister, Cara
Koch, married one Hans Jorg Stieber, and resides now, he believes, in Buffalo.
Ten years ago he was threatened with consumption, and his physician advised
that he live in the open air and undergo hardships. He therefore wandered to
the western wilderness, in which he has been living the life of a hermit ever
since. He subsisted on what he killed hunting, and put up with what rude
shelter he could make for himself. He managed to live without great suffering
until this winter, when he froze his feet and hands, and became helpless. He
lived in an almost inaccessible region in Suabian, Germany, and speaks a
dialect that is hardly intelligible to anyone who does not come from his district.
It is a region occupied by people whose summer employment is the felling of
trees and sawing of timber, and whose work during the long and terrible winter
is the making of German toys and cuckoo clocks. It was in one of these
Schwartzenwald saw-mills that he says he lost his finger. Mr. Tholen believes
his mind is affected, and it was only in long pauses and after waiting for
lucid intervals that he got this information from him. Much of what is aid was
not intelligible, owing to the difficulties of the dialect. It is very dubious
whether this Bender is the Bender, and whether Mr. Hampton (we made a
mistake in printing him Burt yesterday) has not had his journey and expenses
for nothing.
THE
SPURIOUS MRS. BENDER.
The old lady who arrested for Mrs. Bender is, it
seems, an authorized traveling missionary of the society of Christian
Israelites, a sect that preserves the forms and beliefs of the Jews, except
that they hold that Jesus Christ is the Messiah. She was on her way from Salt
Lake and some asinine Paul Prys concluded that she acted curiously, and after
they had frightened her into incoherency so that she could not give a clear
account of herself, they concluded that she must be Mrs. Bender, had her
arrested at Wamego, brought to this city, and committed on information as Mrs.
Bender. Sheriff Wade treated her in the kindliest manner, knowing that she was
the victim of the detective scabies that is still ravaging through the west in
regard to the Benders. Today she recovered her shattered senses enough to
speak, and soon convinced the sheriff of her harmless and pious mission. She
had the most flattering testimonials from persons in every part of the world,
and was provided with half fare passes as a preacher of the gospel, procured on
a letter from a Mr. Thomas, of New York City. She supported herself by the sale
of tracts, a supply of which is awaiting her at the express office in Kansas
City. She preached last night in the Methodist church in this city and evinced
perfect familiarity with the scriptures and scripture history. She is said to
be a highly educated lady in her native tongue. We are afraid that we have had
all our ado over the Benders for nothing, and the arrest of innocent persons
for these infamous murderers is getting to be slightly porous.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
Old Bender seems to be a victim of appearance rather
than of misplaced confidence.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
The only place in town to buy the famous “Kilsheimer”
is at Renick’s “Queen City” shoe store.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
The police made three arrests in the city, last
evening, all for drunkenness and disorderly conduct.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
Kate Bender is sojourning at Salt Lake, and will bend
her steps toward Topeka in a few days. The balance of the family will arrive
from time to time.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
There will be a large crowd at the opera house tonight
to see and hear Joe Murphy in “Help.” A few good seats can still be secured at
Wilmarth’s.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
General F. W. Butterfield will be present and give
some recitations at the social of the library association, to be held at their
rooms on Friday evening next.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
Workmen have been engaged for a day or two in touching
up the Topeka national bank building, and the beautiful structure is now the
admiration of all passers-by.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
Married, in Topeka, April 27th, at the
residence of Mr. John Black, by Rev. Dr. F. S. McCabe, Mr. James C. Carroll and
Miss Edith E. Adams.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
No inflation in prices before or since the veto at 203
Kansas avenue.
The Commonwealth, April 29, 1874.
Mr. D. Royce Drake, representing the Kansas City
Journal of Commerce and the New York Graphic, two very excellent
papers, arrived in the city yesterday, to take a peep at the “Who is it,” alias
Bender.
THE
INDIAN TERRITORY.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 30, 1874.
The Kansas City Times says that “the people of
Kansas are almost a unit in favor of the Indian Territory.” If it means that
the people of this state are in favor of the opening of the Indian Territory to
general settlement, its assertion is absurd. Not one in ten is in favor of any
such thing. Atchison Champion.
The Champion might go still further and
truthfully say that the only supporters any such movement has in the state
comes from a class of roving and impecunious political adventurers who re
seeking new field wherein to plant themselves. This is the only element in the
state which favors opening and organizing the territory. Paola Spirit.
No sensible Kansan wishes to see the territory just
south of us opened up, not because it is a better country than this, for it is
not. But because people would make a rush down there all the same, leave
pleasant homes here, and although at the end of the year they would find
themselves willing to come back, the mischief would be complete. No, gentlemen,
none but the politicians about Washington and the hangers-on and loafers about
our own towns wish to see the territory open for settlement. Winfield
Courier.
Some time since, when Senator Dorsey’s bill for the
organization of the territory of Oklahoma was first reported, we gave a
synopsis of the provisions of the bill and dissented from the wisdom of its
passage for the very reasons reiterated in the above chain of comments. The St.
Louis Globe replied in a lengthy editorial ridiculing the position as
narrow and selfish, and denying its truth. Then a Galveston exchange made
lengthy reply, and the Kansas City Times took its cue from this for a
lengthy article from which the Champion makes the extract above. The Parsons
Sun, which is the organ of a local ring of territory organizers, of which
George A. Reynolds is the traveling fugleman and sends those long-winded
associated press dispatched from Milton’s “infant wonder” of towns to make
“public opinion” in favor of opening the territory to white settlement, devoted
a column of severe sarcasm to our demolition. It seems that the ad hominen argument
addressed to the Kansas people is of sufficient force to require all this
vigorous refutation. It might have been advisable to advance another and more
pertinent reason why the territory should not be organized, and that is, that
such a course places the government in an attitude of most arrant bad faith to
the Indians, violates solemn pledges, and works most flagrant injustice. But
this weak plea would not have a pin’s-weight with the flock of hungry
speculative kites and crows now on the borders of the territory and poising for
a flight upon the tempting quarry. The argument we did adduce addresses itself
so forcibly to the people of this state that it needs only to be propounded to
awaken a strong popular opposition to the Oklahoma business. The entire
advocacy of the scheme has been so transparently fraudulent to observing people
that we need not give much space to its argument. The quarter-breed Cherokee,
Boudinot, an exile of his tribe, has been lecturing all through the west and in
the principal cities of Kansas, obviously under the auspices of the M. K. &
T. railroad ring, and there is a quiet, canny Oklahoma lobby constantly
operating in Washington. Scarcely any of the Indians ask for the bill, and its
passage means their speedy extinction to a certainty. But as we before
remarked, no Kansas citizen who had any permanent interest in the state should
favor the bill because its first effect would be to largely reduce the
population of the state and seriously retard its growth. The immigration to
Kansas this year is exceedingly large, but the opening of the territory before
the new comers had secured homes, would unquestionably divert it. The potent
bias of human nature that makes stolen waters and forbidden fruit sweet, will
attract thousands even from Kansas to the Indian Territory. One hundred and
sixty acres of land will produce no more there than here, but they will not be
convinced of this truth till they have tried. Western home hunters have, in a
degree, the bent of California gold miners, who would abandon paying diggings
to search for reported rich leads in another locality. No argument is therefore
fair which does not admit and duly and soberly consider this fact. Texas wants
an unimpeded cattle drive; St. Louis and Kansas City want an additional market
for goods; the land grant railroads want to come in for their subsidies; the
town lot speculators want to make a speedy fortune without capital; the land
sharks see the opportunity of their lives. But Kansas people should raise their
voices against a policy calculated to do an irreparable injustice to a helpless
and dependent people, and to work lasting injury to themselves.
The
Commonwealth.
BY
HENRY KING.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 30, 1874.
The question of Mr. Sumner’s retirement from the
committee on foreign relations was ventilated in the senate day before
yesterday. The explanation given of that event is a justification of the
republican members from the splenetic imputations of the posthumous speech
published in the New York Tribune, and reflects anything but credit on
the petty spirit that could stir up strife over the grave by republishing it.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 30, 1874.
The Leavenworth Call has succumbed to the
stress of penury and the veto and has temporarily suspended. Since Legate took
hold of this newspaper, it has contained some vigorous and original writing,
and deserved at least to live. It labored under the disadvantage, however, of
being printed in a town where there was one too many newspapers, and the
question was which was the one. The Call, by its suspension, has
answered it, and friend Legate will return to his potato drill and sub-soil
plow a better if not a wiser man.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, April 30, 1874.
The Rev. Isaac S. Kalloch of the First Baptist church
of Leavenworth made a ministerial tea strike on Sunday last. He secured the
services of Caroline Richings and her concert company as a church choir, and
his usually crowded church was on this occasion overflowing with worshipers.
The reverend gentlemen made use of the occasion to press home a lesson in
liberality, defending the resort to every appliance not in itself immoral, and
good singing in particular, even by operatic artists, to draw the indifferent
and the ungodly to the sanctuary. He wished, however it was brought about, that
so large an audience could be gathered together every Sunday night to listen to
the Holy Word.
THE
BENDER.
There
Is Little Doubt But That He Is A Bogus Article.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 2, 1874.
Day before yesterday, Mr. Hampton, the officer who
brought the old man now under suspicion of being a Bender to this city,
returned to Salt Lake. He became pretty well convinced before he left that it
was not the head of the family of murderers that he had in custody. He was out
about six hundred dollars on the old man, and as the reward was only five
hundred dollars, even if his prisoner had proved a bona fide Bender, his
bringing him here would have been very much in the nature of a labor of love.
For two days past a deputation of citizens from Montgomery and Labette counties
has been expected in this city to look the old man over and identify him if
possible, but they have not come. Yesterday Deputy Marshal Charles Hallett, of
Fort Scott, who has repeatedly seen the original Bender, visited the prisoner
and pronounced him not the man. He says the original Bender has a broader and
fuller face, and one of the fingers of his right hand is very noticeably
stiffened and bent. Though this man has some characteristics in common with the
original Bender, he does not bear out the original in many particulars,
especially in his hair. The hair on the true Bender was iron gray and coarse as
a horse’s mane, while on the prisoner it is comparatively fine. Old Bender, Mr.
Hallett avers, was shorter and more compactly built than this man.
Yesterday afternoon, Sheriff Franklin, of Labette
County, arrived in the city, and proposes to take this venerable unknown to the
neighborhood of the murders, so that all thereabouts may have a chance to
inspect him and to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion regarding his identity.
Sheriff Franklin does not believe it is the man, from accounts he has heard of
his personal description from those who have seen him. Before he leaves,
Sheriff Wade will have him washed up, his hair cut and combed, and another and
more decent suit of clothes put on him.
[Note: A very important communication from Prof.
Kellogg is given below. He and Professor Norton were responsible for many
events that assisted Arkansas City and Cowley County in its early development.
Kellogg ran the Arkansas City Traveler in its infancy before returning
to Emporia, where he later became President. Thanks to Dr. Sam Dicks, these
early events are now possible to tell. It must be remembered that there is no
microfilm record of the Arkansas City Traveler before 1876. MAW]
KANSAS
MATTERS IN CONGRESS.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
Prof. L. B. Kellogg writes as follows to the Arkansas
City Traveler, from Washington, concerning legislative matters in which Kansas
is specially interested.
Those who have lived on the frontier, in proximity to
the Indians, have often been led to wonder that the average New England mind is
utterly unable to understand that in any of the frequent collisions between
Indians and whites, on any portion of our country’s frontier, that the Indians
are in any other situation than that of exercising the inalienable right of
self-defense from the depredations of marauding white aggressors. The same
sentimentality had an illustration in the United States the other day. The
question was on a proposition to distribute arms and ammunition to the settlers
on the extreme western frontier of Nebraska and Kansas, to protect themselves
from the barbarities of Indian incursions. Pending the discussion, Senator
Buckingham, of Connecticut, chairman of the senate committee on Indian affairs,
introduced an amendment to the bill to the effect that an equal amount of arms
and ammunition should also be distributed to enable them to protect themselves
from the whites! Senator Ingalls, of Kansas, replied to this in a deservedly
sharp and cutting five minutes’ speech, that occasioned the withdrawal of the
amendment.
CHEROKEE
STRIP.
I have written you that the bill for the relief of the
settlers on the Cherokee strip was by the earnest work of Senators Ingalls and
Harvey brought up by unanimous consent and passed far in advance of its regular
time and place on the calendar. As soon as it is signed by the president, I
will procure an official copy of the bill and send you for publication. It is
substantially as published by you last winter shortly after its introduction in
the house of representatives by Mr. Lowe.
OSAGE
LAND.
The bill to extend the time of payment on the Osage
lands another year passed the house, but has not yet been introduced in the
senate. It will have to take its place on the calendar and cannot be reached
for some little time.
CATTLE
TRAIL BILL.
The cattle trail bill has been introduced in both the
senate and house, and has in each been referred to the standing committee on
Indian affairs. Senator Ingalls, who is a member of the senate committee, says
that his committee have agreed to report the bill favorably.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
The Emporia News has been cogitating a little
over the new party problem, and comes to the following conclusions touching the
make-up of the opposition to the republicans.
While the old party has its burdens, and groans
beneath its load of corrupt, unprincipled men, it can rejoice at the number of
shysters who abandon it for a new movement. Every effort to organize a new
party helps the old in this respect. It would be a blessing to the republican
party and to the country if some new movement would be made popular; but we
despair of any such thing while the “cast offs” rush so eagerly into everything
of the kind. Such men as York, Robinson, Bronson, and Ross will render every
movement of the kind unpopular with the people.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
A correspondent of the Emporia Ledger makes a
nomination for state superintendent of schools which he can heartily and
unreservedly endorse. He says:
“We would nominate one who has hosts of friends all
through the southwest, and is well known through all the state—a gentleman of
large experience in school teaching, and progressive withal, keeping abreast
with the times in all educational and scientific matters. We refer to Prof. H.
B. Norton, of Arkansas City. We need only mention his name. He needs to eulogy
from us. His especial fitness for the office will at once be recognized. In
Prof. Norton we shall have a state superintendent of whom we shall always be
proud.”
Prof. Norton is well known to the readers of the
COMMONWEALTH through his admirable letters on Indian affairs, and we hazard
nothing in saying that there is no man in the state better qualified in all
respects for the duties of superintendent.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
Mr. Frank G. High, western traveling agent of the
Chicago short line, via St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern and Chicago &
Alton railroads, favored us with a call yesterday. Travelers going east should
avail themselves of the excellent privileges provided by this line.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
Nearly every team that comes in from the country
brings a wagon-load of sod, which meets with ready sale. Thus our front yards
are transformed into verdant pastures, and the prairies into barren fields. The
traffic in this portable real estate is becoming quite extensive, and farmers
say they can raise sod easier than any other article of commerce. They raise it
with a spade.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
The Clay Center Dispatch relates a pathetic
accident in this light, unfeeling way: “A young man in this town went sparking
the other night, and in order to make a good impression, drew from his pocket a
piece of poetry prepared for the occasion. But unfortunately he let two or three
round tin pieces fall on the floor at the same time, and before he could
recover them, the young lady picked up one, and to his great mortification read
aloud, “Good for one drink, at Mittendorff’s.”
THE
KAW RESERVE.
Interesting
Items from Council Grove.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 9, 1874.
From our Traveling Correspondent.
COUNCIL
GROVE, May 6, 1874.
This is one of the historical places in Kansas,
celebrated as the point where the council fires of the noble red man were
lighted when he desired to hold a talk with the representatives of the great
father at Washington. But that day has departed, and the last of the Kaws has
left this section and gone to “the nation,” leaving one of the fairest portions
of the state, which is known as the Kaw reserve, to be settled and improved by
white men and made productive of wealth to the yeomanry of this fair state.
The city is improving slowly, but the growth is
substantial, and it bids fair to become one of the leading inland cities of
Kansas. The population is at present about 1,500, made up, like all towns in
Kansas, of representatives from every quarter of the globe. The country is
rapidly filling up with a substantial and well-to-do class of immigrants, and
most, if not all, the choice land outside the reserve is already taken up by
actual settlers.
The chief topic of interest just now to the people
here is the action of congress in relation to the bill for bringing the Kaw
lands into market, and the general sentiment of the people appears to be in
favor of such action as will most speedily cause these beautiful lands to be
sold, and so help in adding to the taxable wealth of the county. The valuation
as made by the board appointed for that purpose seems to have been so high that
many who proposed to purchase were deterred from doing so and sought homes
elsewhere; and it is believed that the best interests of all concerned would be
subserved by reducing this valuation to such rates as will induce settlers to
purchase and thus speedily improve them, and add to the material growth of this
portion of the state. At all events it would seem as if something should be
done and that promptly to settle this vexed question; and if the bill proposed
by Mr. Phillips does not meet with the views of congress, some other should be
introduced and passed without delay.
There are two weekly newspapers published here: the Democrat,
edited by John Maloy, Esq., who, by the way, has also achieved the dignity
of mayor of the city, and the Republican, published by Mr. P. Moriarty.
The COMMONWEALTH, however, is the standard daily, and has a large list of
subscribers, which is constantly increasing.
Crops of all kinds are looking splendidly, especially
fall wheat, of which a very large acreage has been sown in this vicinity. Most
of the farmers have their corn planted, and a successful crop this season will
go far to help out the people of this county. There was never a better prospect
for fruit, and indeed everything now betokens prosperity to the agricultural
interests.
An excellent hotel in this city is presided over by
Mr. Hamilton, who is always ready to attend to his guests and make them
comfortable. RANGER.
EDUCATIONAL.
Teachers’
Institute of the 13th Judicial District.
The Commonwealth, May 29, 1874.
EL
DORADO, May 12, 1874.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
An institute of the 13th judicial district
representing the counties of Butler, Sedgwick, Sumner, Howard, and Cowley, was
held at El Dorado, Butler County, commencing the 5th inst., and
closing the 8th. Prof. H. B. Norton was the principal conductor and
lecturer. If there is one place which will test a man in the teacher’s
profession more than another, that place is to put him in charge of a large
class of real and wide-awake teachers. The institute held a daily session of
about six hours, and much earnest work was done. Every teacher present seemed
determined to improve to the utmost the advantages offered by the institute.
Superintendent McCarty was on hand, and presented many
practical ideas on physiology, theory, and practice, and various important
topics. His lecture on “Little Things,” Thursday evening was replete with
illustration and genuine common sense. All were pleased with it.
But the man who was brought face to face with the
teachers more than any other, who understood teachers and teaching better than
any other, who infused more vitality into every exercise which he conducted,
who left the most indelible stamp on the minds of all present, whether teacher
or spectator, that man was Prof. H. B. Norton. It made no difference what
exercise he conducted, whether replying to the questions from the query box or
handling the whole institute in a calisthenic exercise; whether presenting a
model object-lesson or exhibiting the beauties and advantages of scientific
knowledge; in all these cases he was equally at home with his subject. The
teachers all loved him. His lecture on “The Iceberg Period,” Wednesday evening,
was delivered to a crowded house. Full of new thought, it was presented so
plainly none could fail to comprehend it. Though the lecture was delivered
without manuscript, the professor never wanted for a word and his rhetoric was
excellent.
The teachers present, learning that Superintendent
McCarty positively declined to run for re-election, unanimously adopted the
following resolution.
Resolved, By
the teachers of the 13th judicial district, that we present the name
of Prof. H. B. Norton as our unanimous choice for the office of state
superintendent, and that we will by all honorable means labor to secure his
election.
The professor is known throughout the southwest as a
man of learning, of deep piety without sectarianism, of unimpeachable moral
character, and as a man thoroughly conversant with the school wants of our
young and flourishing state. H.
THE
OSAGE SETTLERS.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
The writer of this was in attendance at the great mass
meeting of the settlers on the Osage ceded lands on Wednesday last, and
listened to the speeches delivered, and observed the demonstration of the large
body of citizens who are now contending for their homes. We are prepared to bear
testimony to the apparent honesty, undoubted intelligence, and commendable
moderation of these settlers as a class. They thorough believe they are
demanding a right, and are not simply persuaded by interest. They have at stake
everything they possess, to be sure, which no man would give up without a
struggle, but more than this they have a reason, and a right sound and
convincing reason for the assertion of their rights. We have studied this case
closely; have examined it in all its bearings; have read the acts of congress,
and the treaties and the arguments delivered by counsel on both sides, and we
are profoundly convinced of the justice and equity of the claim that if the
lands do not belong to the settlers, the railroad have certainly not the
slightest color of title to them, and their attempt to obtain them has been a
piece of high-handed usurpation, in which they have thus far had the
questionable, and certainly the illegal, assistance of the interior department.
It is not necessary to go over the entire history and
agreed facts of the case, which have already been fully and frequently
published and commented on in the COMMONWEALTH. Our judgment, derived from what
examination we have made in the case, is, that the title to the lands still
rests in the Great and Little Osage tribes of Indians, and will so rest until
the treaty stipulations have been carried out, as they have not yet begun to
be—until the lands are surveyed and sold and the proceeds applied as directed
in the treaty, which up to this moment has not been done. The lands do not
belong to the government, but are held in trust by the government for survey
and sale as is dictated by the terms of that trust. We are not a lawyer and
cannot tell what refinements and quibbles may serve to warp the judicial
opinion from what seems to us on the face an obviously righteous conclusion .
We do not express this opinion in prejudice of the proceedings now underway in
the United States circuit court, but simply reiterate the views we have always
held.
The settlers who are the parties indirectly though
mainly in interest in these suits are not a mob, nor are they seditious or
unreasonable people. There may be some hot-headed and foolish enthusiasts
amongst them, and demagogues may work upon some of them by incendiary oratory,
but most of them are men of intelligence who apprehend their rights and have
faith enough in the sanctity of law and purity of courts to rest them with
those tribunals, in the certain belief that justice will in the end prevail.
We want to say, too, that these people will owe a debt
of gratitude to Capt. Geo. R. Peck, United States district attorney, of they
shall be successful in the courts, and will have no reason to complain of
either his diligence, enthusiasm, or ability if, perchance (a very remote
contingency we are inclined to believe), the courts should decide against them.
It is now but three months since he received the order from the department of
justice to file a bill in chancery to test the validity of all patents issued
by the secretary of the interior to the railroads for any and all of the Osage
ceded lands. The case will be argued next week before Judges Dillon and Foster
in Leavenworth.
It will thus be seen that the utmost dispatch
consistent with thoroughness has been used in securing a hearing and
disposition of these suits. The settlers will know within a fortnight whether
they have reason to hope for ultimate and speedy emancipation from the thrall
of the railroad companies, who, if they secure a title to these lands, will
compel payment, not only for the lands themselves, but for the enhanced value
which the settlers have given the lands at the cost of their own labor and
money. We hold it to be, but fair and right, believing as we do that their
cause is just and their demands lawful, to wish the settlers success.
The
Commonwealth.
BY
HENRY KING.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
HEAD
QUARTERS REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE,
TOPEKA,
May 28, 1874.
The republican state central committee will hold a
meeting at their rooms in the city of Topeka, at 3 o’clock p.m., on Wednesday,
the 17th day of June, proximo, for the purpose of calling a
republican state convention. JOHN GUTHRIE, Chairman.
D. B. EMMERT, Secretary.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
DECORATION DAY will be observed by the banks of
Chicago, and in all probability by the board of trade, as a holiday.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
By a queer error, the assemblage of Dunkers, which
lately met in Illinois, was referred to in some of the dispatches as the
“National Conference of Drunkards.”
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
The Hutchinson News, for the instruction of the
discontented, prints the following significant fact: “We have never known but
one instance yet of a man who had commenced to improve a claim and then to sell
and go back to the east, and this man is now back in Reno County and trying
hard to get back the claim that he left.”
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
The Woodson County Post unwillingly remarks:
“And now comes D. B. Emmert and says he does not aspire so high as “His
Excellency,” and is not a candidate for gubernatorial honors.” We have good
authority for saying that David may be still prevailed upon to accept the
nomination for secretary of state.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
Senator Hamlin’s opponents in Maine are gracefully
disappearing, and it looks now as if he would be returned without opposition,
that is, if the latest rumors are true. It is said that both ex-Gov. Perham and
ex-Gov. Washburn have been induced to abandon the field, and their places are
as yet unsupplied by new aspirants.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
The Washington dispatches of the Worcester Spy say
that although there are sufficient votes in the house to pass the senate civil
rights bill, there will be difficulty in reaching it in the regular order of
business, owing to measures which take precedence and dilatory motions by its
opponents to prevent action.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, May 30, 1874.
The house committee on territories will report a bill
for the admission of Colorado as a state into the union, with a fairer prospect
of its passage by the house than the New Mexico bill had when it was first
reported. The bill will be accompanied by a report detailing the population and
resources of Colorado. It will be remembered that President Grant favored the
admission of Colorado to the sisterhood in his last message.
THE
INDIAN PANIC.
Homesteaders
Abandoning Their Homes and Coming Into the Settlements.
Eight
Men In All Killed and Scalped.
The Commonwealth, June 24, 1874.
We have obtained additional particulars of the Indian
outrages in the southwest, which are confirmatory of the original apprehensions
that there is an organized raid over the Kansas border by Indians from the
Indian Territory with a view of reinforcing their depleted herds of ponies. The
facts of the murder near Fort Dodge are, we learn, as follows: Two men with a
team were coming from Camp Supply to Fort Dodge and had camped out. They woke
in the morning to find that their team was either strayed or stolen, at least
not to be found. While looking around for their missing animals, they
encountered signs of Indians, and saw a stray pony grazing on the prairie. One
of them mounted this pony to look for the missing animals, and being gone long
enough to awaken his companion’s suspicions, the latter started in pursuit of
him. About eight miles from Dodge City, he found his dead body, scalped and
mutilated.
The man who was killed in the neighborhood of Medicine
Lodge was named Kime, and his wife, who lives in the little town of Medicine
Lodge, is said to be beside herself with grief. Two others were killed on Cedar
creek, whose names we could not learn. Two Texans had encamped at the head of
Mule creek with the intention of locating a stock ranch there. They were
murdered, scalped, and their stock run off. Two were killed and scalped on
Medicine Lodge creek, making eight in all whom these red cut-throats have
murdered within the last two weeks. The citizens of that section are leaving
their homesteads and coming into the towns of Hutchinson and Medicine Lodge.
Sheriff Collins, of Reno County, was in the city yesterday to see if Gov.
Osborn had the authority to issue rations to the fugitive settlers until the
excitement should blow over. From all that we can learn, there does not seem to
be concerted action amongst the Indians to carry on a general raid, but parties
of Indians numbering ten or twelve in each are roaming over the border
ostensibly on their annual buffalo hunt, but killing and destroying unprotected
white men as they go, and stealing what horse-flesh they can lay their hands
on. A party of ten frontiersmen who have had frequent transactions of a lethal
nature with Mr. Lo, fully armed and equipped, have left Medicine Lodge on a
little expedition of reprisal for scalps. We are inclined to believe that they
will develop a great deal of ignorance of boundary lines, when approaching the
territory, and will not be even retarded by the sanctity of reservations, if
they once strike the trail of the red-skinned vermin that have committed these
outrages. We are informed that the settlers feel amply able to protect
themselves, and will only ask for aid in the way of a small issue of arms and
rations.
THE
FRONTIER.
All
About the Late Indian Raid.
The Commonwealth, June 24, 1874.
Our correspondent at Hutchinson sends the following
statement in detail of the recent Indian raid in Barbour and Comanche counties.
This information was obtained by our correspondent from Mr. Charles Collins,
sheriff of Reno County, and is without doubt the most correct version of the
affair yet published. He says:
The first outbreak of the Indians was on Mule creek,
in Comanche County. It appears that about a dozen of them, supposed to be
Cheyennes, made an attempt to stampede the stock and thereby run it off, but
were prevented in this by the mail carrier, H. P. Trustal.
They next went to Kiowa, where they ran off about
twelve head of horses and fired into the houses, wounding two persons. From
there they followed up Medicine Lodge river, and about four miles south of town
they overtook a farmer by the name of Kime, who had been to the town of
Medicine Lodge. They shot and scalped him and left him dead in his wagon,
taking his horses. They then started in a westwardly direction, and after
proceeding a few miles, came upon two men at work getting out posts. Both were
shot and scalped. It appears from the position in which these two men were
lying, they must have shot while at work.
From there they escaped to the Indian Territory with
about twenty-five head of horses. The same day another party of Indians, about
forty-five in number, attacked two men at the head of Mule creek, who were
there locating a stock ranch. The Indians killed and scalped them both. The men
were well armed with needle guns, and from the number of shells (or blank
cartridges) around them, they must have made a desperate resistance. Five men
in all were killed and scalped in the neighborhood of Medicine Lodge. There is
a rumor that seven more have met the same fate.
At the present time everybody in and around Medicine
Lodge is in the town and fortifying it with a view of protecting themselves
from the threatening attacks of the Indians. Their crops, stock, and much other
valuable property have been left to the mercy of the Indians. Their crops, I am
informed, look well and prosperous, but unless aid can be sent them soon, the
cattle and hogs will destroy them, as they are running promiscuously all over
the country. The citizens have barely sufficient supplies to last them five
days, and are poorly furnished with arms and ammunition. The opinion is that
unless they are aided by men, arms, and provisions, they will be compelled to
leave the country. In a little town called Kiowa, about twelve miles below
Medicine Lodge, there are about twenty-five families, who have left their farms
and built a stockade, and are all living in it.
In the town of Sun City, they have also built a
stockade, and all the people in that vicinity are living in it—they are also in
a very destitute condition. There is a company of forty men already formed by
Dr. Flick, in Hutchinson, who are now ready at a moment’s warning, to go to the
assistance of Medicine Lodge.
It is the general sentiment here that the Indians
ought to be brought to a speedy account, and that by force of arms. There can
be any number of men obtained in the border counties who will volunteer to go.
All the people ask is to be armed with proper orders, to clear the country of
these lawless bands. I am informed that the Indian agents have been apprized of
the fact that the Indians were going on the warpath for the last thirty days,
and have failed to give any notice to the settlers of it.
SILVER
LAKE.
The Commonwealth, June 24, 1874.
Mr. B. F. Payne, trustee, furnishes the following
facts in regard to the above township.
Number of cattle, 2,772; hogs, 2,573; spring wheat,
acres, 510; fall wheat, 521; oats, 736; corn, 6,354; potatoes, 120.
Wheat is injured badly by chinch bugs; of fall wheat
there will probably be only half the usual crop; the bugs are also damaging
oats considerably. There is a large area of corn growing, which will make an
excellent crop—probably 4,000 more than last year. A small area of potatoes was
planted, but there are indications of an extra large yield. Cattle and hogs
looking well.
KANSAS
POSTAL AFFAIRS.
The Commonwealth, June 24, 1874.
Postoffice changes in Kansas during the week ending
June 20, 1874, furnished by Wm. Van Vleck of the postoffice department.
Postmasters Appointed: Caney, Montgomery County, O. M.
Smith; Grant, Wabaunsee County, Mrs. Mary McComb; Gypsum Creek, McPherson
County, Frederick Sorenson.
Discontinued: Rock Creek, Jefferson County.
THE
INDIAN SCARE OVER.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, June 26, 1874.
The southwest has for a fortnight past been disturbed
as never before by scalpings and rumors of scalpings by the blood-thirsty
Cheyennes and Arapahos. Barbour County, being upon the border, was in a
peculiarly unprotected condition, and the thousands of settlers that have with
two years past populated the broad and rich domain of this county, were
affected with a veritable panic of apprehension. Farms were abandoned,
stockades built, and nearly all the farmers who were remote from neighbors, as
most settlers in a new country are, sought asylum in the towns. Gov. Osborn
promptly extended what he could to the beleaguered citizens in the way of arms
and ammunition and began at once a lively telegraphic correspondence with
General Pope, who it is said is inclined to scout the idea of the presence of
the Indians on the frontier, and is inclined to attribute all the outrages
committed, or (as he is said to put it) alleged to have been committed, to
white horse thieves disguised as Indians. He is said by the Leavenworth
Times to have remarked that he had no official information of any Indian
outrages, which is more than likely, as there was not a soldier within a good
many miles of the scene of the Barbour County murders. He therefore does not
approve the promptitude of Governor Osborn in sending arms to the settlers,
which he thinks will be employed in slaying buffalo rather than in protecting
their homes. One thing appears to be certain: the action of the governor seems
to have accelerated the response of the military department to the state’s
request for arms. Gov. Osborn yesterday received a telegram from Gen. Pope that
one company of cavalry was at Sun City and two other companies, one from Fort
Hays and the other from Fort Gibson, were on their way to the region of the
reported outrages, and that these companies would scout and police that portion
of the frontier thoroughly. From telegrams that were received from the
southwest yesterday by the governor, it appears that the fright is pretty
thoroughly over and apprehensions of further molestation dispelled. The
settlers are all returning to their homes, and by the time this appears in
print quiet and a sense of safety will be restored. The presence of the troops
in that section will make Indian marauders chary of coming over, and the crops,
which are said to be unprecedented in promise, can be garnered in peace and
safety. The fact of the scalping is disputed on some hands, and it is claimed
that the reports received here have been greatly exaggerated, though there can
be no question that men have been murdered and scalped. Horse thieves do not
scalp their victims, and the deeds that have been done are unquestionably the
blood work of Indians, most likely Cheyennes and Arapahos. We would mildly and
respectfully inquire of Mr. Enoch Hoag what is going to be done about it?
THE
INDIAN RAID.
The Commonwealth, Saturday Morning, June 27, 1874.
Another deputation of citizens from the southwest were
in Topeka yesterday and report additional depredations by Indians. A boy named
Cone was scalped on Monday night, and buried at Sun City on Tuesday evening. He
was the son of Probate Judge Cone, of that county. The settlers think if they
had Gen. Pope down there a few days, they could easily disabuse his mind in
regard to the depredations being committed by horse-thieves, disguised as
Indians.
The savages are now reported advancing towards the
Ninnescah river, thirty miles northwest of Hutchinson. The settlers all along
the border are suffering for provisions, and probably need food more than they
do arms and ammunition.
One hundred and twenty families have arrived from the
southwest portion of Reno County, and are encamped at Hutchinson. Mass meetings
are being held at Hutchinson to devise means to aid and supply the people on
the frontier.
The Pawnees are passing through the southwest portion
of Reno, going home from a hunting expedition. It is presumed that this
expedition caused the panic which drove so many families to the towns.
The Hutchinson News of this week is inclined to
regard the whole raid as considerable of a scare, and seems to give little
credit to the stories about the recent scalpings, pronouncing them in many
instances greatly exaggerated.
In this connection we notice that congress before
adjourning appropriated $25,000 for presents to the Sioux Indians to induce
them to relinquish their treaty rights to hunt in Nebraska. We suppose this
refers to hunting white men. It looks like extravagance to throw away $25,000
on a tribe of hair-lifters who could be decently buried for half the money.
THE
INDIAN SCARE.
The
Latest News From the Front.
Mail
Carrier Chased By Indians.
A
Lady’s Account of the Demonstrations of the Savages.
Are
They Indians or White Men?
THE
INDIAN SCARE OVER.
The Commonwealth, June 28, 1874.
HUTCHINSON,
June 20, 1874.
Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
The mail carrier from Medicine Lodge has just
returned, bringing the information that he was chased by some fifteen Indians
about forty miles from this point. Otherwise nothing very definite in a
military point of view has been received. Several men have returned recently
from the border, and invariably report that the people of Medicine Lodge are
huddled up in the town in a deplorable condition. The scare in Reno County
seems to be abated, and the settlers are returning to their homes. While there
is no question that there are some Indians engaged in this affair, there may be
something in the background not yet discovered by the state authorities.
I have closely watched the development of these
troubles, and have come to the conclusion that the whole scheme has been gotten
up by a set of ill-designing persons for some object. It may be a genuine
Indian war, but from what I am able to find out, the following seems to me to
be the most plausible. In the first place, there has been serious difficulty in
Barbour County, caused by frauds perpetrated by some of the official
authorities, that would inevitably bring about serious trouble unless the mind
of the people should be directed in some other channel. Secondly, the scare might
have been gotten up by some lawless bands for the purpose of plunder, and
again, it might have been organized for the purpose of a money making scheme.
There are a great many reasons, but in my opinion there is no danger of a
general outbreak. The people are so worked up that the sight of a half dozen
Indians would cause a general panic, when the entire population would pack up
and travel northward across the Arkansas river. Scouting parties are scouring
the country, and it is hoped that these lawless bands may be brought to condign
punishment. “CYRUS.”
P. S. Since writing I have interviewed a lady just
arrived from a portion of the country about forty miles from this point. She
informs me that she saw fourteen Indians come close to the house where she was
living, waving a white handkerchief, after which one of the white men went and
talked with them. The Indians said they were good Indians. Shortly after they
left they put on a red shirt, indicating war, but were baffled by the
brandishing of guns in the hands of some white men.
The Indians left towards the Indian Territory. C.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, June 28, 1874.
The St. Louis Democrat does not mince terms in
speaking of Senator Carpenter and his recent sly attempts to muzzle the press.
It says: “Carpenter, the senator, is one of those unlucky men who never opens
his mouth without putting his foot in it. His letter in defense of his gag-law
does not disarm the press, nor convince anybody that the bill was not intended
as a piece of revenge upon the papers. However, we suppose the public career of
Carpenter is well-nigh closed. The people of Wisconsin have never been able to
understand his justification of the salary-grab—and never will.”
The Commonwealth, June 28, 1874.
It was stated by a Washington telegram a few days ago
that the president had signed the new bankruptcy bill. A later New York
dispatch denies this, and adds that vigorous effort is being made to prevent
his signing it. Every official or agent of the government in the administration
of estates in bankruptcy, is opposed to the change contemplated, because it
would reduce his individual profits. Some businessmen are opposed to it also,
on the ground of its greater leniency toward bankrupts.
The Commonwealth, June 28, 1874.
We are glad congress got over without any bloodshed.
Hawley called Hale, of Maine, dishonorable; Butler called Tremain a jackal;
Tremain said he would whip him if he (Tremain) were younger; Foster insisted
that Butler was a cockeye; Spencer and Gordon indulged in round-about counter
charges of cowardice; Parker charged Garfield with persistent demagoguery;
Logan said the whole house of representatives were cowards; and even the bland
Blaine lost his usual complacency, and spoke with his mouth sharply. The warm
weather did it, though, and now that vacation has come, peace will be restored.
All will remark with the spirit of Mr. Garfield to Mr. Parker: “My friend from
Missouri cannot make himself my enemy by anything he is likely to say.”
The Commonwealth, June 28, 1874.
Each bureau in the treasury department has received
instructions to conform its force with the utmost exactness to the laws which
have just passed, and in no case to exceed the appropriations made for the
clerical force. Heretofore many devices have been resorted to to make positions
for favored candidates by cunning twistings of the law. Secretary Bristow has
given the heads of bureaus to understand that everything in the department must
conform to the exact letter of the law, and in no degree violate its spirit. In
cases where the force for any bureau has been so limited by the appropriation
fixing the force as not to allow of the work being done by the present number
of working hours, the time for work must be so increased as to make full and
prompt performance of the work possible.
THE
INDIAN TERRITORY.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Area 70,000 square miles; location, between the four
great states of Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, and New Mexico; population, some
twenty “independent nations,” aggregating about sixty thousand people.
The government of each tribe is generally the
“council,” a close corporation, having perpetual succession, and selecting the
“chiefs,” executive officers who seem to have no defined authority other than
personal influence, and who have no laws to execute.
The “agent” is a government officer also, having no
defined authority. “Political agents” are generally understood to grow rich by
peculation. “Quaker agents” were selected on the score of honesty, but are
generally fresh from the far east, and are as capable of understanding the real
nature of the wiry and wily bandits under their charge as so many Tibetan
monks.
The only government worthy the name is located at Van
Buren, Arkansas. It consists of a United States court, including a marshal and
numerous deputies. These last are enterprising young gentlemen, famous for
their raids upon the traders whose papers lack a hair’s-breadth of the needful
red tape. Their main business is spoilation.
This vast region is in a state of constant predatory
warfare. There is no security for life, and no punishment for crime.
“War-parties,” each consisting of from six to thirty
men, are perpetually leaving the various agencies, and going into Texas, or the
extreme western borders of Kansas, to steal horses and murder wayfarers. These
criminals are never punished. The agents almost uniformly deny all
charges brought against them, and practically encourage them in crime. The
agency is always a safe asylum and city of refuge for thugs of every grade.
The necessities of commerce demand open highways
between the great surrounding states; but not a head of cattle can be driven
across the Territory without paying tax to banditti. No wayfarer’s life is safe
for an instant upon any of the great commercial trails. There is no right of
way for railroads, no law or justice, and no hope for anything better, in this
whole monstrous and stupendous inanity; to maintain which, our people pay
annual taxes amounting to not less than thirty millions of dollars; which money
largely goes to support a vast organized ring of jobbers. The whole system is a
disgrace to the nation and to the civilization of this nineteenth century.
Congress has lately cleansed several Augean stables.
We wonder whether it has virtue enough to attack that cage of unclean birds
known as the Indian Territory!
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Vermont has furnished one postmaster-general,
Connecticut one, and Massachusetts two. Maine has the honor to furnish the fifth
from the New England states.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Congressman H. L. Dawes informs his constituents, in a
letter published in the Springfield Union, that having served his
district eighteen years in congress, he shall decline a renomination.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Charles Francis Adams, Jr., will deliver an oration at
Weymouth, Massachusetts, on the fourth of July, when the two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary of the town will be celebrated.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Even the Cincinnati Commercial admits that “the
house has, upon the whole, been prompt and faithful in responding to the
demands of the country for retrenchment and reform.”
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Senator Eaton, of Connecticut, and Congressman Lamar,
of Mississippi, are mentioned by the Louisville Courier-Journal with the
query: “How would they look as democratic candidates for president and
vice-president in 1872?”
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
The marriage of the Princess Louise, eldest daughter
of the king of the Belgians, with the Duke Philip of Saxony, will take place at
Brussels toward the end of August next. Great fetes will be given at Brussels
to celebrate the event.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Among the many candidates who are swarming the 2nd
Ohio district for the seat which Congressman Jewett has just resigned, are Col.
Llewellyn Baber, John G. Thompson, and ex-Speaker Converse, of the state
legislature.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
The democrats of the first Ohio district are said to
be unanimously in favor of sending the Hon. George H. Pendleton to congress,
with a view to placing him on the track for the presidential nomination. The Cleveland
Plaindealer tells him bluntly that if wants to be president, he had better
keep out of congress.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Congress passed a bill granting the Fairmount Park
Association of Philadelphia twenty condemned bronze cannon, to be used for the
proposed equestrian statue of Gen. Meade. Thus far only $700 has been collected
toward paying the expenses of the work.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
J. B. Koch, ex-county treasurer of Wayne County, Ohio,
who was convicted of the embezzlement of $20,000 of the county funds, has been
sentenced to an imprisonment of one year in the penitentiary and a fine of
double the amount of the defalcation.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Pius IX has come into a fortune. The late Cardinal
Falcinelli left him all his property, including jewels at half a million of
francs. The pope accepted these jewels, but sent to two destitute nephews of
the cardinal the rest of the Falcinelli property, valued at 250,000 francs.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
The secretary of war and family go to New London for
the summer; the secretary of the navy and family go to Rye Beach; the secretary
of state and family go to Garrison’s; the secretary of the interior and family
go to Mount Vernon; the attorney general and secretary of the treasury will
remain at their posts all summer.
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
Several prominent citizens of St. Louis have formed
themselves into a bridge monument association for the purpose of erecting a
colossal bronze statue of James B. Eads, chief engineer of the bridge over the
Mississippi at that point, with inscriptions thereon of the names of his
associates in the work of planning and erecting the great structure. The
project is to be carried out by voluntary subscriptions.
THE
INDIAN SCRIMMAGE.
Full
and Authentic Report of the Brush Between Col. Compton and Escort
And
the Indians on the Morning of the 24th ult.
The Commonwealth, July 3, 1874.
Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
FORT
DODGE, June 26th.
Having a little leisure time, I will give you a few
items of the late Indian fight which took place near Bear Creek, fifty miles
south of Fort Dodge and on the Camp Supply road. On the morning of the 18th
of June, the mail party, consisting of one corporal and two privates of the 3rd
U. S. Infantry, was attacked by a party of about thirteen Indians, but
succeeded in keeping the Indians off. The corporal was shot through the thigh
and is now in the hospital at Ford Dodge, Kansas. On the 19th, the
commanding officer of Fort Dodge, Col. Compton, with the Medical Director, Dr.
Perrine, of Leavenworth, left Fort Dodge on an inspecting tour to Camp Supply,
Indian Territory, with an escort of about twenty men composed of the 3rd
and 5th U. S. Infantry. When near Bear Creek, the mail party going
to Camp Supply, joined the party of the commanding officer and kept together. On
the morning of the 20th when near the point where the party was
previously attacked, a large party of Indians again made an attack on this
party, the Indians having the advantage of position and ground. As soon as the
first volley was fired by the Indians, the escort promptly returned the fire,
and deploying as skirmishers, kept up lively fire, at the same time moving
forward with the wagons. The Indians did not care to follow and the party of
soldiers arrived at Camp Supply without further molestation. One man of the
mail party was slightly wounded in the right arm.
On the morning of the 24th, whilst
returning from Camp Supply, and again near the same point, a large party of
Indians, consisting of about thirty or forty, had stationed themselves on an eminence
near the road, and when the commanding officer and his party got within about
40 yards of them, they fired a volley right into them, killing a pony belonging
to the commanding officer. In less time than it takes to write it, the troops
were out of the wagons and headed by Col. Compton, charged and gained the
eminence in a minute; then commenced a lively and destructive fire, especially
for the Indians. Four of them were shot down at the first fire, and quite a
number of them were badly wounded. Eight ponies were captured, but five of them
had been badly wounded and had to be killed. Three excellent ones were brought
into Fort Dodge. The Indians were terribly demoralized, running in all
directions for shelter, while the soldiers were following up and pouring a most
destructive fire into them. The Indians divested themselves of everything that
would encumber them in their hasty flight: throwing their arms, blankets,
spears, bows, arrows, and Indian trumpery away. The soldiers all behaved in a
gallant and a most commendable manner, several exceptional instances of bravery
occurring.
Private Frederick Klausman, Co. D, 5th
infantry, while in pursuit of the Indians, came on one of them laying down in
the grass, apparently wounded, but with his revolver pointed at Klausman. In an
instant, Klausman raised his musket and brought it down with such force as to
send Mr. “Red” quietly dreaming in the happy hunting grounds.
Private Thomas Gray, of the same company, had a hand
to hand fight with a stalwart “Red,” killing his man, and taking possession of
sundry articles, such as an excellent Colt’s army revolver, powder horn,
blankets, bullet pouch, and several other articles useless to Mr. “Red.” In the
bullet pouch was found a baby stocking, belonging probably to some unfortunate
white baby.
Pots, Prince, and Herr, of Company A, 3rd
U. S. infantry, also had hand to hand engagements with Mr. “Red,” killing their
men, and quietly walking off with their trophies of victory.
No casualties occurred on our side at all except the
pony being killed, and the driver of the ambulance containing the commanding
officer and medical director getting a bullet through his blouse—lucky escape!
The Indians that could get away got away as fast as
possible, and the party were not again molested by them.
The arrival of the party at Fort Dodge created quite
an excitement, every wagon, ambulance, and horses and mules being decorated
with some Indian trophy of victory. I hardly think the Indians will undertake
any more of their little surprise parties. If, however, they do, they will get
all they want and deserve, as the country through there is now thoroughly
guarded by cavalry.
Should anything more occur, I will give you the
particulars. Respectfully, etc.
FROM
THE FRONT.
Still
They Come.—“San Juan or Bust.”
A
Scrimmage with the Lo Family.—“Lo Routed.”
The Commonwealth, July 1, 1874.
SARGENT,
KANSAS, June 20, 1874.
From our Regular Correspondent.
The Indian excitement nor the unfavorable reports
which come almost daily from the mines, have as yet had no perceptible effect
upon the constant stream of immigration to the now famous San Juan County.
There have been an average of from fifteen to thirty wagons passed up this
valley daily within the past two months, all bound for the gold mines of
Colorado. The most of these immigrants hail from Kansas, Missouri, and
Arkansas, with now and then a sprinkling from states further east. The
immigration to this country is simply enormous. There has never been anything
to equal it. The accounts which reach here from that country through parties
who have been there and encountered the “elephant,” goes to show a sad state of
affairs. The country is overrun, and there is nothing to do. Men cannot get
employment for their board. The scanty means of many who went there under the
illusory hope of amassing a fortune in a day have been exhausted and they are
now in a destitute condition. Cows that would bring forty and fifty dollars
where there was a market, are sold for five and ten to obtain the necessaries
of life. Everything is high on account of the great distance it has to be
freighted. Nothing is raised in the country and the mines cannot be reached,
except by narrow passes over precipitous mountains. There is but one mine open
and the ownership of this is in dispute, one party holding it by force of arms.
[It
appears that part of the article is missing.]
The plains, or the borders of civilization, are
generally pictured as a place where thieves, cut-throats, and criminals of
every grade resort. Undoubtedly many bad men take to the plains to escape the
just punishment of their crimes. The restrictions of law are hardly felt, and
the avenues of escape are more numerous than in older communities. But I will
undertake to say, that in proportion to the number of inhabitants, and in the
almost total absence of legal barriers, the borders of Kansas show less crime
than in the more densely populated districts of the east, where the laws are
supposed to be rigorously enforced. No such cold-blooded, premeditated crimes
as that for which “Keller” died at the hands of an enraged mob, at “La Cygne,”
or the more systematic butcheries of the Bender family, or the daily horrors
that fill the columns of the eastern press, have occurred on the frontier
outside of Indian massacres. The building of railroads through a new and
unsettled country brings with it more or less men of desperate character, and
this is the class who generally shuffle off their mortal coil without having
time to take their boots off. Since the fearless Chris Gilson gave the few
lingering desperadoes their final passports at this place, some fifteen months
ago, the country has not been troubled with such characters. As proof of what
has been said, I would refer to the town of Granada, the western terminus of
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad. This town is situated on the
extreme frontier, where crime, in all its multitudinous forms, is popularly
supposed to hold high carnival.
There have been two fatal shooting scrapes within its
limits since it was started and these were by parties passing through or
temporarily residing there. This speaks well for the orderly character of her
citizens, and refutes the charge of lawlessness so frequently brought against
frontiersmen.
Mr. Thomas Bugby, a cattle man living between Aubrey
and Lakin station, on the A. T. & S. F. railroad, had twelve head of horses
stolen one night last week, his entire lot but one. The trail of the animals
was discovered going in a northerly direction. Parties are in hot pursuit with
every prospect of recovering the stock and apprehending the thieves.
I enclose herewith a copy of the official report
forwarded to Gen. Pope of the late Indian fight.
There have been several changes in this section among
troops. The 19th United States infantry have arrived and relieved
the 3rd United States infantry, who go to Louisiana and Mississippi.
The post commanders are on the alert for Indians, and
endeavor to afford every protection to settlers and immigrants in their power.
Recently the guards along the line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe
railroad have been strengthened east and west of Dodge City. Cavalry are
continually scouring the country. T.
THE
INDIAN WAR IN THE SOUTHWEST.
The Commonwealth, July 7, 1874.
We elsewhere publish news of an Indian skirmish and
the burning of the bridge over the Cimarron station. Since we received the
letter of our correspondent, who resides permanently at Sargent, and whom we
here take occasion to pronounce truly reliable, we have obtained additional and
authentic particulars by the way of the state executive department. It seems
that a party of hunters considerable in number have been traveling in quest of
game along the Cimarron river, near where the borders of Colorado, Kansas, and
the Indian Territory conjoin. On the 30th they were attacked by
Indians, and have been defending themselves against a series of rapid and
insidious attacks for the last three days. On the 1st of July three
white men had been killed and one or two slightly wounded. On the 2nd
the beleaguered party managed to send off a messenger, who arrived in Dodge
City on Sunday night in safety and asked that an escort be sent to their
relief. Gov. Osborn was telegraphed in relation to the matter, who by telegraph
referred the matter to Gen. Pope with an urgent request that it be immediately
attended to. Up to a late hour last night, no reply had been received. Gov.
Osborn, in contemplation of a possible Indian raid of a serious character,
commissioned Adjutant General Morris, on his recent trip to Washington, to
procure 1,000 needle guns of the latest approved pattern. These arms arrived
last week, and were forwarded in the custody of Major H. T. Beman, of the state
militia, to be distributed amongst the people on the frontier who are
organizing rapidly and effectively for an expedition against the invading
red-skins. Companies have been organized in Wichita, Sedgwick, Medicine Lodge,
Hutchinson, Dodge City, and Sun City, and they will all be provided with arms
and munitions by the middle of the week, when we hope soon to hear of the
extermination of the last Indian, whether buck, squaw, or pickaninny, that is
found off a reservation in the southwest.
This Indian business is assuming such proportions as
would seem to require the immediate and thorough attention of somebody who
speaks as one of authority and who can bring to his service a sufficient force
to cope with the copper-colored cut-throats. Gen. Pope recently wrote a letter
to Gov. Osborn to the effect that the frontier was thoroughly patrolled and in
a better state of defense than any similar extent of territory in his military
experience on the frontier. There does not seem to be sufficient force,
however, to deter the Indians from coming within twenty-five miles of a
military garrison and commit the high-handed outrage of burning a railroad
bridge. If the skin of the military will not serve as a covering to the defense
of the settlers, we must eke it out with the militia; and a militia such as can
be gathered together on the frontier are not the men to go after Indians
without at least bringing home their scalps. We believe, too, that when this
body of citizen soldiery gets under way, they will not find a reservation line
a Chinese wall of exclusion. The sacred policy of non-intercourse and
sequestration must give way to the higher law of the safety of men’s lives and
property. We believe in the perfect justice and propriety of walking over into
the Cheyenne and Arapaho reservations and carrying on such a war of reprisal as
will strike everlasting terror to the hearts of the sleek, well-fed vipers whom
we nourish and tend as Aesop’s husbandman did the serpent, only that they may
rob and murder us at their will and fly to their reservations for shelter.
THE
INDIANS AGAIN.
They
Run a Man Into Cimarron Station.
A
Party of Hunters Attacked by Indians.
The
Redskins Repulsed With Three Killed and Several Wounded.
They
Burn the Bridge at Cimarron Station on the Night of the Second.
The Commonwealth, Tuesday Morning, July 7, 1874.
From Our Regular Correspondent.
NEWTON,
KANSAS, July 3, 1874.
A man by the name of Filler was attacked by a party of
six Indians between twelve and one o’clock yesterday, about twenty-five miles
west of Dodge City, and driven in to Cimarron station. The Indians followed him
to within a few hundred yards of the station, firing as they went. The man
returned the fire and escaped unhurt.
On the previous day a party of hunters were attacked
by the Indians about thirty miles south of the same place. The hunters made it
too hot for them and they skedaddled. Two or three redskins were killed and a
number wounded. The hunters then returned to Dodge.
Last night they burned the railroad bridge west of
Cimarron station. The people anticipate lively times.
Col. Compton, post commander at Fort Dodge, is alive
to the exigencies of the occasion and doing everything in his power to protect
the settlers, but the force at his disposal is so small that he could not
successfully cope with any considerable number of Indians should they make a
concerted movement. What the border at this time needs is a company or two of
one hundred men each, armed and equipped by the state, and authorized by the
governor to protect the frontier. The men can be raised at a moment’s notice.
On my arrival here from Sergeant this forenoon I found
Capt. D. L. Payne, an old experienced Indian fighter. He says that he is ready
for the warpath, and I know of no man in the state better fitted for the place.
He would see that settlers re-occupied their now deserted homes. The growing
crops in the deserted regions are splendid and must go to waste if something is
not speedily done for the relief of the settlers. T.
THE
INDIAN TROUBLES.
Latest
Intelligence From the Front.
Agent
Miles of the Cheyenne Agency Coming to Leavenworth for Assistance.
General
Pope Sends Three Additional Companies of Infantry.
Four
Men Killed in Sumner County, Kansas.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, July 8, 1874.
From the treasurer of Sumner County, who arrived in
town yesterday, we learn that four men have been recently killed and scalped in
the vicinity of Caldwell, in Sumner County, and the settlers round there have
all come into that town for protection. Governor Osborn yesterday received a
dispatch from Judge Campbell, from Wichita, to the same effect, and the
governor transmitted the intelligence at once to Gen. Pope. From the same
source we learn also that Agent Miles, of the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency, made
a forced ride from the agency to the nearest railroad station, a distance of
one hundred and twenty-four miles, and yesterday passed over the Santa Fe
railroad on his way to Fort Leavenworth to consult Gen. Pope and to ask for aid.
Gov. Osborn yesterday received a dispatch from Gen.
Pope, informing him that three companies of infantry had been ordered to the
scene of the outrages, and would be stationed from Caldwell west to operate in
congregation with the three companies of cavalry that are already patrolling
the same country.
Adjutant General Morris goes to Wichita and Caldwell
tomorrow with an additional supply of arms to be placed in the hands of
organized militia companies only. Everything is being done as rapidly and
effectively as circumstances will permit, to assure the protection of settlers
and to guard against surprises.
It is thought that when an effective force is sent out
to drive the Indians to their reservations that the troubles will soon be
terminated and the settlers permitted to garner their crops in peace and
safety.
THE
INDIANS AND SETTLERS.
The Commonwealth, Wednesday Morning, July 8, 1874.
Major H. T. Beman returned from Sedgwick and Wichita
yesterday, whither he had gone to make inquiry as to the extent and character
of the reported Indian depredations, and to distribute arms to settlers at
Sedgwick and Medicine Lodge. From him we gather the following, which may be
accepted as reflecting the true condition of affairs up to the latest returns.
At Sedgwick City, which is between Newton and Wichita, Major Beman saw several
men directly from the scene of the reported Indian outrages. Mr. Spooner, from
the Wichita agency, reports the Indians as apparently restless and uneasy,
though not as yet making any open demonstrations of hostility to the whites.
There are a number of Quaker families settled around Wichita Agency and a few
have been so influenced by their fears that they have removed. Mr. Ford from
the Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, whence the Indians guilty of the recent
murders and scalpings are believed to have come, says the young Cheyenne braves
are seemingly affected by an irrepressible impulse of deviltry. They have most
of them left the agency, ostensibly on hunting expeditions, and are roaming along
the Kansas border in small parties. Mr. Ford has no idea that a united and
preconcerted raid is contemplated or will be attempted in which the Indians
will mass themselves and throw their force on the unprotected settlements to
scalp and rob indiscriminately. What killing has been done is, according to his
notion, in the way of casual and wanton cruelty, rather than that they are
seeking opportunities to kill.
Major Beman talked also with Mr. James Fay, an express
messenger on the Southwestern stage company’s line, running from Wichita to
Fort Sill. Mr. Fay says that the settlers about the agencies are apprehensive
of a general massacre. They are few in number, and unless under the very eye of
the agency, are without protection. The Indians have killed four of the horses
of the Southwestern stage company within the last few days, and Mr. Fay has
witnessed one murder and scalping committed by them. The facts of the latest
occurrence were as follows: Last Thursday on the way in from Fort Sill, when
the stage was a short distance from Red Fork station in the Seminole nation, he
saw from his stage a party of Indians ride up on to a defenseless man, murder
him, and sweep on out of sight. Hastening to the spot he found the man killed
and scalped lying in the road. His name was William Watkins, and he was brought
to Red Fork station and buried. The feeling through the country which his stage
traverses is, that the Indians are liable at any moment to break out into a
general war. Mr. Cole, from Medicine Lodge, a man of cool judgment and
reliable, told Major Beman that the rumor as to the burning of towns and murder
of settlers at Medicine Lodge was unfounded and purely sensational. It is true
that the settlers have been thoroughly frightened, and apprehensive of an Indian
massacre, have abandoned their farms, and come in to Medicine Lodge, where they
have built themselves a stockade, and are waiting for a supply of arms
wherewith to protect themselves. They are afraid to venture out of their
retreat until they have the means of defense, which will be forwarded to them
in abundance tomorrow.
Mr. Beman talked with a score or more of Texas cattle
owners and herders about the Indian excitement. They affect to despise the
whole business, and express their disbelief of any general Indian outbreak.
They do not think that it is any more than the usual outrages, common enough on
the frontier, done by small hunting parties on whatever defenseless white men
they meet on their path.
What causes special alarm just now is that they have
extended their bloodthirsty enterprise over the confines of civilization.
Greater outrages are committed in Texas every month of the year, without
attracting particular attention. The Texans think that the Indian is one of the
contingencies to calculate on like the Spanish fever or the green-headed fly,
but nothing to be unusually frightened about. Where they have been encamped,
there have not lately been any signs of disturbance, and they do not think any
need be apprehended. Finally, Major Beman is of the opinion that more injury is
to be feared from the settlers becoming frightened and abandoning their homes
than from Indians. It is with a view, therefore, to bring about a restoration
of confidence and sense of safety that the governor is transmitting arms to the
frontiersmen. He will provide them with guns and ammunition sufficient to equip
companies from amongst themselves, when he hopes and believes they will find no
opposing force to try their mettle on. The bad feeling towards the whites
expressed in these recent murders and scalpings originates, beyond question, in
the gradual extinction of the buffalo herds through the deadly enterprise of
white hunters.
MORE
INDIAN MURDERS.
Two
Men Killed and Scalped Near Sargent.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
SARGEANT,
KANSAS, July 6, 1874.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
The fears of the people in this section of a raid by
Indians have been sorrowfully realized. On Saturday last two men were killed by
them, one of them within three miles of this place on the Arkansas river, and
the other on Butte creek in Colorado, distant about twelve miles. The one
killed nearest this place was a herder in the employ of a Mr. Shepherd. He was
a young man about nineteen or twenty years of age. He was scalped and otherwise
mutilated. He has a brother-in-law in Granada, where his body was taken. The
other man had lately come from Missouri, and had gone out after a load of wood,
when he was attacked and murdered. He was literally riddled with bullets, and
his head horribly gashed, evidently done with his own ax. He is a man of
family, who are left in destitute circumstances. The citizens of Granada have
raised funds to send the family to Missouri. The body was not found until the
day after his murder.
Another man, a herder, was seen to be chased by
Indians on Butte creek the same day, and has not been seen or heard of since.
It is thought he shared a similar fate.
Much alarm prevails in this whole country. Three hundred
warriors are reported at the Butte mounds, thirty miles from Granada.
Emigration has entirely stopped, and those living on
claims and lands remote from settlements have moved into the towns or stations.
Everybody goes armed. The people of Granada are momentarily expecting an
attack, and are preparing for it accordingly.
These facts are respectfully submitted to the
consideration of the peace commissioners.
T.
FROM
THE BORDER.
Grand
Carnival at Arkansas City.
Eskridge
and Piffer on the Stump.
Indian
Games and Dances, Boat Races, Balloons, Etc.
The
Salt Works.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
ARKANSAS
CITY, July 6, 1874.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
Saturday, the 4th, was the occasion of a
perfect carnival of patriotism and merriment in this city. The gathering was
immense—nearly a thousand people thronged the spacious grove where the
exercises were held.
The procession was formed at 10 a.m., headed by Lieut.
Gov. Eskridge of Emporia, and Judge Piffer, of Fredonia. In the procession were
the fine cornet band of this city, a company of mounted masqueraders, a band of
Osage warriors, the barbarian splendor of the plains, a squad of Lipsan [Lipan]
and Kickapoo women, in all their finery, and thousands of citizens.
A finely decorated speaker’s stand, and extensive
seating arrangements awaited the company at the grove and
LIEUT.
GOV. ESKRIDGE
took the rostrum. His address was an able one,
treating of topics of current interest. The transportation question was
specially discussed.
Governor Eskridge is a prominent candidate for
congress from the 3rd district, and will go into the convention with
much positive strength from the southwest. He is regarded here as an able and
sound man, eminently trustworthy.
HON.
W. A. PIFFER
followed in a brilliant off-hand discourse of an hour
in length. The judge is one of the rising men of southern Kansas.
After dinner, to which the aboriginal guests did full
justice, the committee announced
AN
INDIAN WAR DANCE
and some forty of the Wah-satche disciples of
Terpsichore took the floor, in the centre of a huge ring, cleared for the
purpose. The performance was grotesque, demoniac, and altogether unearthly. I
cannot attempt to describe it. All the savagery of the plains was in it. At the
close,
TWELVE
KICKAPOO SQUAWS
played at their national game of ball for an hour or
two, amid a throng of thousands of curious people.
Arkansas City has a superb reach of rowing-water, at
the mouth of the Walnut, some two miles in length. Upon this water, which
immediately adjoins the grove, there was speedily held a series of
BOAT
AND TUB RACES.
Dancing, climbing a greased pole, and other
festivities occupied the time till evening, when a grand ball, exhibition of fireworks,
and balloon ascension came off in town. The gathering was the largest, and the
performance the best carried out of any that have yet occurred in southern
Kansas.
Today a large party visited the
SALT
MANUFACTORY
located on the county line, six miles west of town.
Here is a natural laboratory where many springs, of varying temperature, send
up their supply of mineral solutions. One of these is strongly impregnated with
Glauber salts, another with bromide of potassium, and others with various gases.
The principal product, however, is common salt, which one fountain yields in a
very pure solution. The present product, wholly by solar evaporation, is about
a ton a week, but it can be indefinitely increased. These springs will yet add
much to the wealth and business of Arkansas City. The salt is of the best
quality. RANGER.
A
TRAIN CAPTURED.—MEN BURNED ALIVE!
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
ARKANSAS
CITY, KANSAS, July 7, 1874.
We have terrible news from the Chisholm trail. Upon
Friday, the 3rd inst., some two hundred Indians attacked a train
near Baker’s ranch, and killed four men. One of them was lashed to a wagon and
burned alive.
Agent Miles arrived on the spot before the fires were
extinguished and assisted in burying the mangled dead.
Caldwell was full of freighters and troops yesterday.
There is a regular stampede up the trail. Tyrrell has brought in all the stage
stock.
Miles thinks the deed was done by a combined party of
Cheyennes, Arapahos, and Kiowas.
The “peace policy” seems to have failed with the
Cheyennes. They have been threatening mischief all the spring and have begun in
earnest. N.
ALL
SMOKE.
A
Friend of Immigration Pronounces the Indian Business All a Scare.
Only
Four or Five Men Murdered and Burned Alive.—That’s All.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
WELLINGTON,
KANSAS, July 8, 1874.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
On Monday evening, the 6th, one of the
Quaker Indian Agents passed through Caldwell, a small village on the southern
border of this county, driving at full speed and evidently badly frightened. He
notified the citizens of Caldwell that the Cheyennes and Arapahos had left
their agency in their war paint and were well armed; that they were raiding up
the trail and would probably burn Caldwell; that four men had been scalped and
one burned alive.
From these wild stories of a scared Quaker have grown
all the “wars and rumors of wars” that have reached you during the last three
days, and which, I am sorry to say, have resulted in a greater panic in Sumner
County than I have seen since the Price raid of 1864. Whole families have left
their cosy, comfortable homes on account of rumors which never had the
slightest foundation in fact, and which would be simply ridiculous were not the
results so painful.
Capt. J. H. Folks, editor of the Sumner County
Press, has just returned from Caldwell, where he has been to investigate
this matter, and from him I learn that there is no word of truth in these rumors,
except that three teamsters had been killed by the Indians, near Mozier’s
[Mosier’s] ranche, in the Indian Territory, and one of them, a man named Pat
Hennesy [Hennessy], (formerly sheriff of Christian County, Illinois), had been
tied to his wagon and burned alive.
[Note: C. M. Scott refers to the above in Volume II,
The Indians, on page 400.]
Mozier’s [Mosier’s] ranche is sixty-five miles from
Caldwell, and no hostile Indians have been seen there. There were sixty U. S.
soldiers at Caldwell, and no fears whatsoever of an attack were entertained at
that place. The village school was in session, and everything betokened peace
and security.
From a man just up from Baker’s ranche, forty-five
miles below Caldwell, I heard that no Indians have been seen there, and no
fears of an attack are entertained. R. W. Stevenson, chairman of our board of
commissioners, has gone to your city for arms, which I hope he will obtain, so
that our citizens may feel secure, and such panics be prevented in the future.
Such wild rumors always grow as rapidly as they fly, and are calculated to do
our young and thrifty county great injury, and should be prevented, if
possible. In my opinion, Sumner County is as safe as any county on the border
in the state. WELLINGTON.
NEWSPAPER
NOTES.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The Cawker City Sentinel has been moved to
Phillipsburg.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The Ottawa Times has been enlarged and
otherwise improved.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
J. A. Hoisington, editor of the Great Bend
Register, goes to Iowa this week, leaving W. H. Odell in charge of the
paper.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
In the last number of the Wichita Beacon, Fred
Sowers bids farewell to its readers and introduces Milton Gabel as the future
director of its destiny.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The Fourth of July witnessed the appearance at Augusta
of a new weekly paper, called the Southern Kansas Advance, edited by C.
H. Kurtz. It is well filled with original and selected reading matter, and
looks well typographically.
STATE
PERSONALS.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Senator Murdock’s father and mother are visiting with
him at Wichita.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Miss Lulu Fitch, of Topeka, has been visiting friends
at Lawrence for a few days.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Francis Menet, city clerk of Lawrence, has shook off
the ague and is at work again.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Hon. W. P. Hackney, of Sumner County, has just
returned from Colorado and Mexico.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Col. Wm. A. Phillips arrived in Leavenworth yesterday,
on his way home from Washington.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The Journal says a private letter from
Philadelphia states that little Bowman Vail, son of Bishop Vail, is getting
much better, with the prospect of his ultimate recovery.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
President Grant has appointed Jack Sickles, a former
resident of Atchison, and civil engineer on the Atchison and Weston railroad,
one of the levee commissioners of the state of Louisiana.
STATE
ITEMS.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Work has been resumed on the Lawrence dam.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
A Wichita firm sold 8,320 bottles of soda last week.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Butler County’s population has increased 8,000 in
three years.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Douglas County has a large breadth of land in flax
this year.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The chinch bugs didn’t amount to much in the vicinity
of Augusta.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The measles are prevailing in a mild form at Wichita.
The average is about one measle to each family.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The town of Larned has been victimized by an Illinois
sharper who bought town lots with spurious checks, receiving good money in
change. He ought to be turned over to the Indians.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
The land office at Larned will be open for business on
August 15th. The counties embraced in this district are Rice,
Barton, Stafford, Pratt, Barbour, Comanche, Kiowa, Pawnee, Hodgeman, Ford,
Clark, Mead, Foot, Buffalo, Sequoyah, Arapahoe, Reward, Stevens, Grant, Kearny,
Hamilton, Stanton, and Kansas.
INDIAN
MATTERS.
Distribution
of Troops in the Southwest.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 10, 1874.
Gen. Pope, commanding the department of the Missouri,
has written a letter to Governor Osborn in relation to the Indian troubles on
the border, from which we are permitted to publish the following extract.
GOVERNOR: In order that there may be no unnecessary
alarm or excitement concerning Indian hostilities, and that the frontier
settlers of Kansas may fully understand what are the dispositions of troops for
their protection and to whom to apply for immediate help when it shall be
needed, I have the honor to inform you as follows, viz.:
1st. At Caldwell, Kansas, are the
headquarters of three companies of infantry under Captain Ovenshine. These
companies are to be posted in detachments, as needed, along the southern line
of the state as far west as Lawrenceburg, and also south from Caldwell in the
Indian Territory on the road to the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency. A company of
cavalry under Captain Upham marched from Caldwell on Monday, the 6th,
along the southern line of Kansas to where the Medicine Lodge creek crosses the
boundary, with orders to scout up the valley of that creek and keep in
communication with the infantry detachments west of Caldwell. Captain
Ovenshine, at Caldwell, commands all this infantry and will promptly render
such help as he can and as may be needed.
2nd. Colonel C. E. Compton commands Fort
Dodge and has general charge of the country along Medicine Lodge and both east
and west of that stream, as also of the line of the Arkansas as far up as
Grenada. He has under his command five infantry and five cavalry companies.
Four of the cavalry companies are scouting the country along Medicine Lodge
creek and south and southeast of Dodge. The other cavalry company patrols
constantly the line of the Arkansas as far up as Grenada. The line of the A.,
T. & S. F. railroad between Larned and Grenada is guarded throughout by
detachments of infantry posted at all important points. Colonel Compton commands
the whole and is a prompt, energetic officer who will be ready to act with
intelligence and zeal.
3rd. At Camp Supply there are three
infantry and two cavalry companies—the latter scouting continually north and
northeast of that post as far as Medicine Lodge creek; Colonel Lewis
commanding.
4th. Colonel Smith, at Lyon, has four
companies of cavalry and two of infantry. One company of cavalry is scouting
continually the valley of the Arkansas from Lyon to Grenada, about fifty miles.
The other three companies are scouting the line of the Purgatory river between
Lyon and the Raton mountains. There is a company of cavalry at Fort Hays and
one at Grinnell station, just east of Wallace, held there in case of trouble on
the Saline and Solomon, if any should occur.
You will perceive that the whole frontier of Kansas is
lined with troops constantly in motion, and it seems impossible that the
Indians can do any considerable damage. By applying to the nearest of the
commanding officers above named, or to any of the commanding companies, any
locality threatened can at once be attended to.
Very
respectfully, JNO. POPE, Brevet Major General U. S. A.
BY
TELEGRAPH.
FROM
THE FRONT.
Adjutant
Gen. Morris Leaves Wichita With an Armed Force.
The Commonwealth, Sunday Morning, July 12, 1874.
WICHITA,
July 11, 1874.
Special to the Commonwealth.
Adjutant General Morris left this city this morning
with a picked company of twenty men all well armed and mounted. He will proceed
to Caldwell and distribute arms to the people there, and will then, under
instruction from Gov. Osborn, scout the whole south part of the state and
report in full his observations on the situation, so that the state authorities
will be fully advised as to the actual condition of affairs in that section.
Gen. Morris has heard of no late outrages or of any Indians north of the state
line, and thinks there will be no further danger, and that the people may
return to their homes; but he will thoroughly investigate, so that the
authorities may continue to take full and prompt measures for the safety of the
settlers in that section.
WASHINGTON.
The
Washington Taxpayers Form a League.
Contracts
for Indian Supplies Awarded.
Flour,
Beef, and Bacon For the Savages.
The Commonwealth, Sunday Morning, July 12, 1874.
WASHINGTON
TAX-PAYERS.
Washington, July 11. The tax-payers association of
this district has adopted a plan of organization which provides for the
appointment of a committee of seventy to guard their interests generally and to
prosecute in the criminal and civil courts such officers of the late district
government as have acted illegally in the collection and expenditure of money,
and for other acts performed by them in disregard of law.
INDIAN
CONTRACTS AWARDED.
Washington, July 11. The secretary of the interior,
commissioner of Indian affairs, and the board of Indian commissioners, acting
conjointly, have today made the following awards for contracts for Indian
supplies during the fiscal year to June 30, 1875.
Contract for bacon for the Sioux nation, to be
delivered at Sioux City, is awarded to J. K. Booge of that city, and is at 10½
cents per pound. Merriam, of St. Paul, is awarded the contract for pork for the
Sioux nation, at $19.25 per barrel; also deliverable at Sioux City. Armour,
Plankington & Co., of Chicago, secure the contract for bacon for the Kiowas
and Wichitas, deliverable at Kansas City, at 17 cents per pound.
The following awards were made for supplying flour.
For Fort Peck agency, C. A. Broadwater, of Montana, at
$3.45 per cwt.
For the Sioux nation, deliverable at Sioux City, to J.
L. Merriam, at $2.73 per cwt.
For the Sioux of Red Cloud agency, deliverable at
Cheyenne, to J. S. Martin, of Colorado, at $2.50 per cwt., the lowest figure
ever obtained for this agency.
For the wild tribes of the Indian Territory,
deliverable at Kansas City, to J. W. Sleaven, of Kansas, at $2.40.
For Fort Hall agency, to David McCranor, of Montana,
at $4.80. McCranor also secures the contract for flour for the Blackfeet
agency, at $5.50 per cwt. Owing to the ravages of the grasshoppers in this
vicinity, the supply of flour for the Blackfeet has to be imported from a
distance at the above high prices; the quantity, however, is only 225,000 pounds.
Corn for Fort Peck agency is to be supplied by C. A.
Broadwater, at $2.45 per cwt.
The corn contract for Red Cloud agency, deliverable at
Omaha, is awarded to T. T. Granger, at 50 cents per bushel.
Corn of the Sioux on the Missouri river, deliverable
at Sioux City, to be furnished by J. T. Merriam, at 78 cents per bushel.
Contracts for wheat for the Yankton agency at 95 cents
per bushel and for Santee agency at 85 cents, are awarded to N. W. Wells of
Nebraska.
Beef cattle contracts are awarded as follows, prices
being per hundred pounds gross.
For Fort Peck agency, C. A. Broadwater at $2.25.
For the wild tribes in the Indian Territory, J. M.
Daugherty at $1.64, the lowest figures ever reached.
For Fort Hall agency, Idaho territory, David McCranor
at $2.40.
For Blackfeet agency, David McCranor at $2.20.
For Crow agency, Wilson & Rich, of Montana, at
$1.94, the lowest ever reached at this agency.
For Santee and Ponca agencies, F. A. Largey, of
Montana, at $2.68.
The contract for supplying 22,500,000 pounds of beef
for all the Sioux of Dakota, is awarded to J. K. Foreman of Nebraska, at $2.30
per cwt. The contract price last year was $2.73.
CURRENCY
REDEEMED.
The amount of national bank notes received for
redemption under the currency act to date is $2,862,070. The facilities in the
office of the Unites States treasury for counting national bank notes and
remitting new notes in the place of those sent for redemption are not
sufficient to allow as prompt attention to the requests of banks as the chief
of the new division would desire; additional room however will soon be secured.
FIVE
PER CENT DEPOSIT.
All the available force in the treasurer’s office is
now busily occupied counting notes and collecting and crediting drafts
forwarded on account of the five per cent deposit, but as remittances are so
numerous, there may be some slight delay in acknowledging them. The amount
received today on account of the five per cent deposit required, to be kept in
the treasury as reserve from national banks is $12,227,240 [? figure obscured].
SOME
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.
The Commonwealth, Sunday Morning, July 12, 1874.
MORE
ABOUT THE BIG FIRE.
New York, July 11. All day the oil fire, which broke
out at Weehawken last evening, raged with unabated fury and when it was seen
that the tanks would all go, the laborers employed in the yard were put to work
removing property and succeeded in running off about a thousand barrels; but
the heat became so intense that it became impossible to remove more. In
addition to the destruction of the tanks, the large wooden storehouse and
contents was entirely destroyed. Another storehouse, a brick structure, was
saved, but the cooper shop was burned. The burning oil ran out into the river
and burned away 100 feet of the long pier, entirely destroyed the short pier
and burned out a section of the trestle works, a portion of which was saved by
the firemen, who cut away between 50 and 75 feet. At about 7 o’clock this
evening the last tank burst and the flames were then confined to the property
in the yard. The total loss is estimated at $45,000. Sixteen tanks containing
from 5,000 to 20,000 barrels of oil each, and estimated to have contained
75,000 barrels in all, were consumed. Besides the destruction of the warehouse
and cooper shop, and the damage to the trestle works, the road bed was ruined,
sleepers burned, and rails twisted into every conceivable shape. Four cars,
sixty-five cords of wood, valued at $2,000, and barges were also destroyed. The
insurance does not exceed $100,000, effected in five Boston and a number of New
York companies.
SUICIDE.
Mortimore Maynham, a well known fencer and writer of
late for weekly papers, was found dying today from the effects of Paris green,
and in the same room was found the already decomposing body of his wife, who
died from having taken the same poison.
SUFFOCATED.
Two laborers were suffocated tonight while cleaning
tanks at 318 West Thirty-third street.
DIED.
Raleigh, N. C., July 11. Gov. Caldwell died this
evening of cholera morbus.
CONFIDENCE
MAN ARRESTED.
Richmond, Va., July 11. A man who has been here for
some days and falsely representing himself as agent for Commodore Vanderbilt,
was arrested tonight. He had in his possession a large amount of forged drafts.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Goldsmith
Maid Wins at Indianapolis.
Important
Action of Railroad Authorities.
The
Great International Rifle Shooting.
The Commonwealth, Sunday Morning, July 12, 1874.
RAILROAD
TICKET OFFICES.
New York, July 11. The officers of the chief railway
companies in session here recently, agreed to greatly reduce the number of
ticket agencies; in fact, to abolish all beyond the regular offices established
by the companies. It was agreed that the latter meet all the requirements of
the traveling public, and that the commissions paid their agents and the
additional expense in printing and advertising were useless expenditures, and
that they brought no increase in business, and the risk ran in the circulation
of so many tickets was very great.
RUMOR
CONTRADICTED.
Boston, July 11. The report from Washington of the
intended resignation of Vice President Wilson, has no foundation; in fact, the
vice president’s health is better than it has ever been since his illness.
RACE
HORSE INJURED.
Long Branch, July 11. McGrath, the owner of Tom
Dowling, says that horse broke down yesterday morning from having ruptured one
of the tendons of the left fore leg.
HEAVY
FAILURE.
New York, July 11. The daily Bulletin this
morning announces the suspension of J. H. Diggs & Co., wholesale dealers of
Leonard street, with liabilities of $500,000. Assets not given.
CHARGES
AGAINST MAYOR HAVEMEYER.
The governor’s secretary called at the city hall today
and served upon the mayor a copy of the charges made against him by the committee
who waited on the governor on Wednesday.
THE
GREAT RIFLE MATCH.
The amateur rifle club, who on behalf of the riflemen
of America, have accepted the challenge of the Irish champion team, publish a
circular which has for its object that of drawing together from all parts of
the country the best shots, so as to select from them an American team to shoot
against the Irish eight. The circular gives notice that six competitive matches
will take place at Creedmore, on the 15th, 18th, 22nd,
and 29th inst., and on the 1st and 5th
proximo. Matches are open to all natives of the United States, and any rifle of
American manufacture that comes within the rules of the club may be used.
FROM
CUBA.
New York, July 11. It is stated that there have
arrived in this city two Venezuelan gentlemen who have been over two years with
the Cuban insurgents, commissioned by the president pro tem of the republic of
Cuba to treat with Captain General Concha about a compromise between the Cubans
and Spaniards. The gentlemen went from Comagonda, where they had an interview
with Gen. Concha, who had agreed to let them embark for this city.
AFFAIRS
AT THE FRONT.
The Commonwealth, Sunday Morning, July 12, 1874.
The editor of the Sumner County Press has just
returned from a trip to Caldwell and the adjacent country, and gives a full
report in his paper of what he saw and heard in the matter of the Indian
disturbances. He found almost the entire population of that region “on the
move,” having deserted their homes and crops in apprehension of death and
pillage at the hands of the savages. He failed, however, to find confirmation
of all the terrible stories that have been set afloat concerning the operations
of the Indians, and is inclined to think that so far as relates to that section,
the “war” is about nine-tenths scare to one-tenth truth. Several roving bands
of hostile Indians are known to have been on the warpath in the Territory south
of Caldwell, he adds, and there can be no doubt of the killing and scalping
reported by Agent Miles; but he thinks that the worst is now over, and that
there is little reason to anticipate further trouble.
Our regular correspondent at Sargent, on the other
hand, tells a different story about the situation in his locality, and we know
him to be a gentleman who writes only what he has the best of reasons for
believing. According to his story, there must be quite a body of Indians on the
Cimarron and Butte Creek, and they are certainly not spending much of their
time in the smoking of pipes of peace. It is best not to get excited about
these things, but we must frankly own that if we lived in the vicinity of
Sargent and Granada, we should not feel very anxious to wander out on picnics
or fishing excursions.
Adjutant General Morris left Wichita yesterday morning
with a troop of forty picked men, well armed and provisioned, and will
thoroughly scour the country around Caldwell, with a view of getting at the
facts in the matter, and promptly furnishing whatever may be needed by the
settlers for their defense and protection. Col. Rossington, of the
COMMONWEALTH, accompanies the party, and will furnish our readers with a full
and reliable report of the situation at the earliest practicable moment.
FROM
THE FRONT.
The
Indian Situation from a Sargent Standpoint.
The Commonwealth, Sunday Morning, July 12, 1874.
SARGENT,
KANSAS, July 9, 1874.
From Our Regular Correspondent.
Matters remain about as they were at the date of my
last letter. Small bands of Indians are seen almost daily south of the sand
hills, and large bodies of them are reported on the Cimarron and Butte creek.
Nobody dares to venture out any distance alone. The settlers and cattle men
have collected together as much as possible for mutual protection. In addition
to the shocking murders of Saturday last they attacked a Mexican train near
Butte creek, ran off some stock, and wounded two Mexicans. They also ran off
six head of horses belonging to the Messrs. Hurdest, of this place, five
belonging to the Foley brothers, one to a Mr. Lawrence, and the entire herd but
one of Mr. James. Mr. James was on his way from Granada to Butte creek when the
stock were taken.
Six white men who passed through this place on the
fourth were arrested at Granada on the evening of that day on suspicion of
being implicated with the Indians. They had an examination before a justice of
the peace of that place yesterday, but nothing being proven against them, they
were turned loose.
The air is full of rumors of massacres, but they are
so vague and contradictory as to create a doubt of their correctness.
That there are Indians in the country, and that they
are bent on further mischief, admits of no cavil. Everybody who has seen the
newspapers knows that these savages left their reservations as long ago as
April, and their hostile designs were not attempted to be concealed. This
intelligence emanated from “official” sources, yet no effort was made to
restrain them. The consequences are known and need not be repeated. It is but a
repetition of the sickening horrors to which frontier citizens have been
subjected for years. They are of annual recurrence, and these people have come
to look for them as they look for the return of spring. Is it not a burning
shame that a government which suppressed a formidable rebellion, and which
could muster a million men for any emergency, should allow these roaming bands
of pampered vagabonds to murder and scalp its citizens whenever they feel like
gratifying their desire for blood? Suppose there may be white rascals connected
with the Indians, does that lessen the obligation of the government to
guarantee protection to its citizens, in conformity to whose invitations they
have settled upon and improved its lands? There never can be any security for life
or property so long as the Indians are licensed to go where they please and to
murder at will. Government cannot plead ignorance of these things. They mark
the annals of border history from the foundation of the government to the
present time.
It is time this trifling with human life were stopped.
It is an easy matter for those residing in distant latitudes to say that white
men are responsible for all these atrocities, but it won’t go down with those
who are daily confronted by the stern realities. If the gentleman who made his
“headquarters” in the saddle while leading Stonewall Jackson from Culpepper
courthouse to Manassas would make his “headquarters” on the frontier for a
short space of time, he might possibly be convinced that the Indians were on the
warpath and would largely outnumber the rebel prisoners he “captured” on a
famous occasion. T.
[Note: The above paragraph refers to Maj. Gen. John
Pope, who alienated his troops by his “Address” when he took command of the
Army of Virginia during the War of the Rebellion (Civil War). When asked by a
reporter where his headquarters would be, he replied “in the saddle.” This
prompted the quip that Pope had his headquarters where his hindquarters should
have been. When faced with the combination of Lee’s strategy and Stonewall
Jackson’s tactics, he lost complete control of the situation during the 2nd
Bull Run campaign and got his short-lived army soundly defeated. He was
relieved by McClellan, who again headed the army.]
FROM
THE FRONT.
All
About the Indian Excitement.
“Commonwealth”
Commissioner’s Report of the Situation.
The Commonwealth, Tuesday Morning, July 14, 1874.
WICHITA,
July 11, 1874.
Editorial Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
The Indian excitement which now prevails in southern
Kansas seriously involves the interests of the state, in the matter of
immigration especially. It would be impossible to describe the universal panic
that ensued among the settlers of Sumner, Barbour, Sedgwick, and other
southwestern counties as the rumors of Indian incursions, many of them of the
most preposterous character, began to spread. On the second of July, the
settlers on the Cowskin, not fifteen miles from Wichita, hastily secreted, as
well as their trepidation would permit, their few movable effects, hitched up
their teams, and fled to this town. On the third and fourth the settlers in the
western and southwestern part of Sedgwick County followed their example, and
camped in the neighborhood of the town. On each of these days those that came
in the night before, having had time to recover from their fright, returned to
their homes. I learn that three white men, horse thieves and desperadoes, one
of them known as Hurricane Bill, who is now in jail here, started this alarm
among the settlers of their homesteads. Several young Wichita lawyers, who went
on the 4th instant to struggle with the bird of freedom at farmers’
picnics, found themselves without an audience. As an instance of the
credibility of human nature, I saw some men from Cowley County yesterday, who
had heard that Caldwell and Wellington had been burned and two thousand Indians
were sweeping down on Wichita and would devastate Cowley County, which is one
of the most populous counties in the southwest. The extent of the damage which
such rumors are doing the southwest and whole state as well can be seen at a
glance. Many settlers who are in no sort of danger from Indians have abandoned
their homes and some have left the state.
There have been but five murders by Indians as far as
can be learnt committed in Kansas, and these by small bands overtaking solitary
and defenseless white men on the road. There have been no attacks on parties of
men traveling inside the state borders, and not one single settler, however
remote from neighbors, has been molested. The fight between Col. Compton and
the Indians was in the Indian Territory, as was also the murder of the train
men and the burning of Patrick Hennessey.
[Note:
C. M. Scott called him “Patrick Hennessy.”]
There is no indication that any Indians contemplate a
raid into Kansas, or that they have in view any organized attack upon the
whites. The story of Agent Miles that three thousand young warriors comprising
Cheyennes, Kiowas, and Arapahos were on the warpath is treated by such old Indian
traders as Jas. R. Mead and Wm. Griffenstein as nonsense. To furnish a quota of
3,000 men, these three tribes would have to bring out all their old men, when
it is admitted that only the young warriors have donned their paint and
feathers. It is not thought that there are more than three hundred Indians on
the warpath, divided into small parties roaming through the northern part of
the Territory, and particularly on the cattle trail. Men whose judgment is
worth something in the matter think that the Indians, having already committed
sufficient outrages on the cattle trail to awaken the white men and call on the
soldiery, will now hie them away to the fastnesses of the Llanos Estacados, or
staked plains, and wait for the storm to blow over.
Considerable apprehension is felt here for ten herds
of cattle of one thousand each which should be somewhere between the Red river
and Wichita, probably at Red Fork, near which point William Watkins, a well
known citizen of this place, was killed by Indians a few days ago. A telegram
was sent to Gov. Osborn, to ask for aid, and was forwarded to Gen. Pope, who
will probably order a detachment to that vicinity. In fact, this is the only
serious significance that posted men in this city accord to this Indian
business, that the herds now on their way through the Territory may be
stampeded, the herders killed, or their ponies stolen. Indians do not care for
horned cattle, and never go to the trouble to steal them; but if they should
deprive the herders of their ponies, the cattle could wander at will and could
not be driven. It is therefore thought very essential by the people of Wichita,
and the whole southwest for that matter, that military protection be sent to
the cattle herders without delay. So much for the general phases of the Indian
affair. To descend to particulars.
Captain Morris, the adjutant general, arrived in this
city yesterday to raise a company of mounted militia. He came to Wichita
because here are obtainable the right sort of men for the purpose—frontiersmen,
scouts, and old Indian fighters—men of nerve, coolness, judgment, and
indomitable physical endurance. He might have recruited a hundred such, but he
contented himself with enlisting forty picked men, who furnish their own
horses. They will be armed with Sharp’s carbines and revolvers, of course, and
provided with rations and subsistence. The object of this expedition, which
Captain Morris accompanies to Caldwell, where he will make his headquarters, is
to scout along the southwestern border and find out if there are or are to be
any fears to be had of Indian outrages, and to engage any party which may be
found. The Captain’s object is to satisfy the people of the state that no
danger is to be feared and to restore confidence. It is believed by many who
know anything about Indians that as far as Kansas is concerned, it is all
panic, but it is essential that the settlers be convinced of this fact, and
that immigrants be assured that no danger exists. A sense of safety is already
reasserting itself amongst the settlers, and many of them from Barbour County
are returning to their homes. But it appears that the farther settlers are from
any rational apprehension of danger, the greater is their foolish fear of
scalping and rapine. Witness the exodus of the Sedgwick County settlers, who
are in no more danger from Indians, nor ever were, than the citizens of Topeka.
The militia company is officered as follows, the
officers being elected by vote at a meeting yesterday: S. M. Tucker, captain;
Mike Meagher, 1st lieutenant; and Cash Henderson, 2nd
lieutenant. Mr. Tucker is an old soldier, formerly a resident of Fort Scott,
and now a practicing lawyer in this city. Mike Meagher is a famous scout in the
southwest, formerly marshal of Wichita, and a terror to the long-haired,
pistol-shooting gentry from Texas and the Territory. Mr. Henderson is a
salesman in a dry goods store in this city, but a good man for the position
notwithstanding the peaceful character of his occupation. This small army moves
out at nine o’clock this morning and will camp out about seventeen miles from
the city, where they will overtake the three companies of infantry under
command of Captain Ovenshine.
Reports came in two days ago which appeared to be
confirmed yesterday that M. B. Pride and Tom Smith, both formerly of this city,
were killed on Skeleton creek, in the Territory, by Indians. Reed, one of the
men reported killed by Agent Miles in his dispatch to the interior department,
is returned alive and well and is harvesting oats about fifteen miles from this
place.
The only remaining effects of the man, Patrick
Hennessey, who was tied to a wagon wheel and burnt alive, which Miles relates,
have been brought here and are in the hands of James McCullough, city attorney
of Wichita. They consist of an old pocket-book and diary, which the Indians
wrapped about with paper and fantastically decorated with Indian feathers, and
then attached to the wagon near where the body was found consumed. It is
supposed to have some superstitious significance, but what is past finding out.
The following is the effective force now in the field
and scouting along our southern border and into the Territory and Colorado.
At Caldwell, Kansas, are the headquarters of three
companies of infantry under Captain Ovenshine. These companies are to be posted
in detachments as needed along the southern line of the state as far west as
Lawrenceburg, and also south from Caldwell in the Indian Territory on the road
to the Cheyenne and Arapaho agency. A company of cavalry under Captain Upham
marched from Caldwell on Monday the 6th along the southern line of
Kansas to where the Medicine Lodge creek crosses the boundary, with orders to
scout up the valley of that creek and keep in communication with the infantry
detachment west of Caldwell. Col. C. E. Compton has five companies of infantry
and five of cavalry under his command. Four of the cavalry companies are
scouting along Medicine Lodge and south and southeast of Dodge. The other cavalry
company patrols constantly the line of the Arkansas river to Grenada. The line
of the A., T. & S. F. railroad, between Larned and Grenada, is guarded
throughout by detachments of infantry. All these troops are in Kansas and are
exclusive of considerable forces from Camp Supply and Fort Lyon, scouting
through the Indian Territory and along the eastern line of Colorado. Reserves
are held at Fort Hays and Grinnell station, in case of emergency. The following
militia companies have been organized and armed with the improved Sharp
carbine: One company at Medicine Lodge and one at Sun City, in Barbour County;
one at Sedgwick City and one at Wichita, in Sedgwick County; one at Dodge City
in Ford County; and two companies in Reno County. W. H. R.
WASHINGTON.
INDIAN
MATTERS.
The Commonwealth, Tuesday Morning, July 14, 1874.
Washington, July 13. General orders from headquarters
of the military division of Missouri, received at the war department, announces
that in consequence of the hostile attitude of the Comanches, Kiowas, and
Cheyenne Indians, the existing orders fixing the limits of the department of
the Missouri are, subject to the approval of the president, so far modified as
to extend to the southern line of that department to the main Canadian river.
In conducting operations against the Indians, either for the purpose of
punishing them or for the protection of persons and property against their
depredations, commanding officers of the department of Missouri and Texas may
disregard the lines separating these departments. Gen. Pope, commanding the
department of Missouri, has written a letter to the governor of Kansas, a copy
of which has been forwarded showing that the whole frontier of Kansas is lined
with troops constantly in motion and it seems impossible that Indians can do
any damage. By application to the nearest commanding officer to any point
threatened or to any of the moving companies, the threatened locality can be
promptly attended to. Gen. Pope says in relation to trading firms at Dodge City
who have in violation of law and to the incalculable injury of peaceful and
honest farmers and frontier settlers of Kansas, established trading posts, or
rather grog shops, in the Panhandle of Texas, seventy-five miles along the
Arkansas, to trade with buffalo hunters and ruffians who have invaded the
Indian country and committed violent and inexcusable outrages upon Indians, he
has no word of sympathy or concern, and if he should send troops to the
locality of these unlawful trading establishments, it would be to break them up
and not to protect them. He says to the unscrupulous and illegal transactions
of these people, the murder of innocent settlers on the frontier are largely
attributable, and they ought to be punished. Gen. Pope writes to Gen. Sherman that
except to careless stragglers outside the military lines and to a few remote
settlers, he thinks we are fully able to give protection from Indian outrages.
THE
INDIAN MATTER.
The
“Big Hills” Reported on the Warpath.
The Commonwealth, Thursday Morning, July 16, 1874.
ARKANSAS
CITY, KANSAS, July 12, 1874.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
Some families of Osages have come in, who announce
that the “Big Hills,” the largest of all the Osage bands, numbering about 800,
have joined the Cheyennes. It seems certain that these people are still out on
the plains, and we know enough of their tastes and habits to give the story
credence. Agent Williams, of the Kickapoos, reports the above.
The settlers of Cowley County, even on the extreme
border, have not left their homes, but are maintaining a patrol along the line.
Will the government act with the energy which the case demands? N.
FROM
THE FRONT.
The
Kansas Militia on the War-Path.
An
Explanation of the Indian Outbreak.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 17, 1874.
IN
CAMP, NEAR CALDWELL, KANSAS, July 17, 1874.
Editorial Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
The Kansas mounted militia, numbering 25 men inclusive
of officers, and an outsider like your correspondent, left Wichita on Saturday
morning. It is not my purpose now, nor have I the time or the opportunity, to
enter into a detailed description of the command or the country passed over.
All I can send is a brief military journal of the progress of this campaign.
The first day the company reached the Ninnescah,
eighteen miles from Wichita, where in a beautiful and umbrageous spot just to
the left of the cattle trail, we encamped. This was the summer camping ground
of Capt. Madden’s company of the 6th cavalry last summer. We had
expected to meet Capt. Ovenshine’s battalion of the 5th infantry,
but were disappointed in learning that they had gone the other road. We had
expected a pleasant picnic with the very agreeable and gentlemanly company of
officers who make up the command.
Rising before sunrise on the morning of Sunday, the 12th,
we made a march of 36 miles and arrived in Caldwell before sunset, and passing
through the town, encamped on Fall creek, about three-quarters of a mile from
town. We posted an extra guard, anticipating trouble from horse thieves. In the
morning Adjutant General Morris paid his respects to Major Upham, captain of
company E, 6th cavalry, who was encamped about three-quarters of a
mile from the militia camp, on the beautiful plateau on Bluff creek. From him
we learned that just before our arrival, the border had been disturbed by two
or three panics, which had almost depopulated some portions of Sumner County.
He had been transferred by Gen. Pope’s request from the department of Texas to
the department of the Missouri, and stationed at this point to scout along the
border for twenty miles on either side of the cattle trail.
From Major Upham we learned that a general council of
the wild tribes was called at the Red Hills, about fifty-five miles southwest
of this point. The tribes taking part in this council were the Kiowas,
Comanches, Cheyennes, Arapahos, Osages, and Kaws. The council was called by the
Comanches, and all the above tribes were represented. The point of discussion
before the council was of no less gravity than a declaration of the
independence of all the wild tribes, of government guardianship and reservation
surveillance. The Comanches claim as the rationale and provocation of this
course, that there is a solemn treaty extant and not yet abrogated, that
pledged the government to the preposterous condition of allowing no more white
settlements south or west of the Arkansas. Strange to say, just such a treaty
exists and the retentive memories of the Indians restore it as an important
fact. Just now all this is of the nature of surmise, but it is so authentic
that it amounts to certainty. The Cheyennes told the Arapahos, who were
indisposed to go into this council for the purpose of declaring war, that if
they persisted in going on “the white man’s path,” that they (the Cheyennes)
would hold them as enemies. Agent Miles was informed of this fact some time
ago, as were also Agents Gibson and Stubbs of the Comanches and Kaws, but with
the singular secretiveness of all Quaker Indian agents as to the warlike
intention of their charges, kept it to themselves until it disclosed itself in
the recent Indian outrages.
The theory of Major Upham as to the recent murders and
scalping is that while the council was in session in the Red Hills, certain
parties of young braves stole out with a view of precipitating its decision in
favor of war, and captured what unprotected supply trains they could find and
gathered the cheap glory of taking the scalps of whatever solitary horsemen
came in their way. Their programme is to furnish themselves by force with a
large supply of sugar and coffee, when they propose to abandon their
reservations and scatter themselves through the rugged and extensive tract
known as the Red Hills, which is almost as impregnable a refuge as the lava
beds of the Modocs. As proof that this is their intention, they have ceased
levying their road tax from Texas cattle herds, and are only directing their
attention to supply trains. They are believed to be lying in wait for the large
supply trains containing Indian stores now held at Sewell’s Ranch. The train is
under the charge of Laflin, contractor for transporting Indian supplies, and
consists of seventeen wagons containing 86,000 pounds of freight, with nineteen
men, and only three guns. The men refuse to move further down the trail unless
Laflin furnishes them arms. Major Upham, who is also in command of the infantry
detachment, has ordered Capt. Carter’s company to march down to Sewell’s Ranch
and furnish the transportation train an escort to the Indian agency. The goods
are intended to supply the Cheyenne and Arapaho, the Kiowa and Comanche, and
the Kaw agencies. The curious and somewhat ludicrous spectacle is presented of
the government protecting by a large military force the supplies intended for
the Indians from the depredations of the recipients.
Major Upham will proceed tomorrow with a force of
cavalry on a scout as far as Sewell’s Ranch and return, and will soon be able
to know the exact danger to be feared by the supply train. He received orders
from Gen. Pope today to remain in the region of his present position and
overlook the country. It is thought that at the next light of the moon, which
will be about the 20th, the fact that the grand council was for war
will become very apparent.
No apprehension is to be feared of an Indian invasion
of Kansas, on this border at least. Major Upham will establish a line of signal
stations and pickets on elevated bluffs east and west of his present camp,
which can reconnoitre the country for thirty-five miles up to the large region
of uninhabited country west of this, where no protection is essential. The
other part of the border is policed with equal efficiency.
The militia, which struck camp tonight and removed to
the banks of Bluff Creek, will scout along the border for three or four days,
and endeavor to restore confidence to the panic-stricken settlers. Capt.
Ovenshine informs me that on his way to Caldwell, he met large numbers of settlers
who were flying from the country. They had not seen any Indians, or heard of
any, but they were going north of the Arkansas for fear of danger, which they
could give no good reason for apprehending. They camped out on the prairies in
their wagons, and left all their improvements behind.
The country around here is full of horse thieves, the
town of Caldwell and the timber of Bluff Creek being a sort of refuge for them.
Bully Brooks, formerly of Dodge City, and a number of ruffians of that kidney,
have been driven in from the Territory by fear of Indians, and are hanging
around the cavalry and militia, casting wistful eyes at their horses. Large
guards are mounted every night, and they are welcome to all the horses they can
get from the Kansas militia.
The purpose of the militia will be accomplished in a
few days, when they will return home.
The Indians just now are quiescent, and the U. S.
soldiery will be ready to “jump” them when they are again ready for business.
One fact wants to be borne in mind by the friends of
the peace policy, and that is that Major Upham has most incontestible proof
that a large proportion of the Indians that have committed outrages up to the
present, and will be in on any future forays, are the Osages, the special pets
of the Quakers and the bright consummate flower of the peace policy. You shall
hear the result of Major Upham’s scout and all important facts as soon as I
learn them.
W.
H. R.
SENATOR
INGALLS.
A
Serenade and Welcome by his Atchison Neighbors.
The Commonwealth, Friday Morning, July 17, 1874.
On Wednesday evening a large crowd of prominent
citizens of Atchison, accompanied by the cornet band, waited upon Senator
Ingalls at his residence to formally welcome him home. In response to an
address of welcome by Col. Martin, the Senator spoke as follows.
GENTLEMEN: I should assume an indifference which I do
not feel, and of which I believe I am incapable, were I to pretend to be
insensible to this most cordial and gratifying demonstration of esteem and good
will on the part of my neighbors and friends and fellow townsmen of the city of
Atchison.
An occasion like this is one of the few compensations
of public life. Honestly pursued its emoluments are inconsiderable. Its labors,
toils, anxieties, and responsibilities are great. They are usually undertaken
at a period when the mental and physical powers are in their fullest activity,
and capable of producing their utmost profitable results. At a time when others
are making acquisitions for the future, and guarding against that inevitable
night of the faculties which cometh wherein no man can work, the honest and
faithful public servant is devoting his time and strength to the discharge of
duties for which he receives a compensation that is inadequate to the exacting demands
of public and domestic life. Thrown out of the usual avocations and channels of
business, he often retires at the end of an arduous career, having spent the
accumulations of his previous industry, to pass an old age of penury, and
bequeath nothing but the memory of honorable deeds to those who follow him.
There is not a lawyer in full practice, a prosperous merchant or manufacturer,
a sheriff or treasurer of any popular county in the land, who does not receive
larger pay for less labor than senators and representatives in congress, who
are called upon to deal with questions of the greatest magnitude, affecting the
property and welfare of the entire country.
Hence it happens, gentlemen, that public men must look
elsewhere than to the treasury for their recompense. They must find it, if at
all, in the consciousness of an honorable life, in the rewards of an approving
conscience, and in the favorable verdict of the state, the nation, and of
mankind.
In my brief career hitherto, I have had but one
ambition, and that has been to faithfully serve the constituency that has so
honored me by its confidence. In all my public acts I have had no private
purpose, no selfish or personal motive. I have addressed myself with zeal, and
devoted myself with ardor to the accomplishment of novel and interesting
duties, with an eye single to the welfare of the entire country, and a heart
devoted to the glory and honor of the states.
Therefore, gentlemen, considering your presence as a
token of your approbation of my conduct, it would be dissimulation were I to
deny that your presence is inexpressibly gratifying to me. It consoles me for
the struggles and disappointments of the past: it stimulates me to renewed
exertions in the future, and if I ever forget to prefer the interests of my
constituents to all personal considerations, may my right hand forget her
cunning and my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.
Without detaining you longer, I thank you all,
individually and collectively, for the honor you have done me this evening; and
for the generous words of welcome which you have extended to me. I wish you all
health, prosperity, and length of days, and invite you cordially to partake of
the simple hospitality of my humble cabin.
A
CURIOUS CASE.
Indian
Law of Marriage and Divorce.
The Commonwealth, July 22, 1874.
In the district court yesterday, Judge Morton
delivered the following opinion:
In the matter of the estate of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa,
deceased.
This is an appeal from an order of the probate court
of Shawnee County, directing the administrator de bonis non of the
estate of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, deceased, to pay over the funds in his hands
belonging to the estate, to Pe-Tah, whom the probate court decided was the heir
of the deceased.
From this order, the administrator, John Anderson, and
Keb-Bah (or Cap-Pah) Laframboise, who claims to be one of the heirs of
Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, appeal. Two of the alleged heirs of the deceased, Wah-Kas and
Arch-Ange, do not join in the appeal. They do not seem to have appeared in the
probate court, but their claims seem to have been presented in the final report
of the administrator (as will be stated hereafter) and to have been thus before
the court and acted upon.
It is not easy to see why the administrator appeals.
He is not aggrieved by the decision of the probate court. As will be shown in
the statement of the case, he has a certain sum to pay over—and he is not
injured by being obliged to pay it over to one party, instead of another. The
only question, so far as he is concerned is—not whether he should pay the
money—but to whom he should pay it.
But there is no objection made to his appeal, and as
all parties seem to be willing to present the question of heirship generally
before the court, I will regard the appeal of the administrator as if Wah-Kas
and Arch-Ange (whose claims in the court below seem to have been presented by
the administrator), instead of the administrator, had appealed. This may be
somewhat informal, but no one objects.
In 1868 Che-Cop-Kis-Sa died; John Anderson is the duly
appointed administrator de bonis non of his estate. On the 6th
day of April, 1872, said administrator filed his final report, giving in detail
his receipts and expenditures as administrator, charging himself with the
amount he has received, and crediting himself with what he had paid out and his
commission and fees, and showing that the sum of $460.51 was in his hands
belonging to the estate. This amount he desires to distribute to the heirs of
the deceased, and in that report he suggests to the probate court that Cup-Pah
(Keb-Bah) Laframboise, Wah-Kas, and Arch-Ange are the heirs, and asks that
“upon kinship being established,” he be “ordered to pay the distributive shares
in said estate.”
Upon hearing said report and making a final settlement
of the estate, the probate court approved the report, found and decided however
that Pe-Tah was the widow and only heir of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, and ordered that the
administrator pay to said Pe-Tah the said sum of $460.51, the amount in his
hands.
As before stated, from this order Cup-Pah and the
administrator appeal.
As claimants of this fun are:
1. Pe-Tah, who claims the whole as the widow and only
heir of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa.
2. Cup-Pah (or Keb-Bah) Laframboise, Wah-Kas, and
Arch-Ange, one-fourth.
Their claim is based upon the theory that at the time
of the death of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, one Na-Ja-No-Qua (sometimes called, in the
evidence, Mary Ann), was his wife; that Che-Cop-Kis-Sa died childless (which
all parties admit); that Na-Ja-No-Qua, by a former husband, had two sons,
Weh-Zaw (sometimes called Louis), and Antoine Laframboise, both of whom died
before the death of their mother, which is not disputed; that Weh-Zaw left two
children, now living, viz: Wah-Kas and Arch-Ange, said Weh-Zaw being a widower
at the time of his death, which is not disputed; that Na-Ja-No-Qua’s son,
Antoine, left a widow, Cup-Pah (or Keb-Bah) Laframboise, one of the claimants;
that Cup-Pah is the widow of Antoine is not disputed.
If this theory is true, Cup-Pah, Wah-Kas, and Arch-Ange
are the heirs and are entitled to this fund.
If at the time of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa’s death, Na-Ja-No-Qua
was not his wife, then Cup-Pah, Wah-Kas, and Arch-Ange are not the heirs, and
are not entitled to the fund. They only claim through her, assuming that at the
death of her alleged husband she took the estate, and that under section 19,
chapter 33, general statutes, if any of her children were dead, “the heirs of
such child inherit as if such child outlived its parents.” If she took nothing,
their claim falls: to the ground.
If at the time of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa’s death, neither
Na-Ja-No-Qua or Pe-Tah was his wife, then, so far as relates to this case, and
the evidence before the court, he left no heirs, and his property escheats to
the school fund.
The questions as to whether Na-Ja-No-Qua or Pe-Tah, or
either of them, was the wife of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa at the time of his death are to
be determined by the laws, customs, and usages of the Pottawatomie Indian
Nation, of which nation Che-Cop-Kis-Sa and all the claimants, Na-Ja-No-Qua,
Weh-Zaw, and Antoine were members, and to and in which nation they had “tribal
relations.” In this, as in other cases of the kind, the court has heard the
evidence of reputable and intelligent members of the tribe, and whether “fully
advised” or not, has to decide what the Indian law was, and is, as to marriage
and divorce.
There is no doubt that Na-Ja-No-Qua was, for many
years, the wife of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa. It is claimed by Pe-Tah that in 1849 or 1850
she (Na-Ja-No-Qua) was regularly divorced from him under and in strict
conformity with the laws of the tribe.
The evidence settles, very clearly, what the law of
the Pottawatomie Nation is as to marriages and as to what constituted a
marriage.
As to the law of the Nation in reference to divorces,
there is not the same precision of proof.
Under the Pottawatomie law, an agreement to live
together as man and wife, followed by actually living together as man and wife,
constituted a marriage.
An agreement, by man and wife, to permanently separate,
accompanied by actual separation, constituted a divorce.
And the decided preponderance of the evidence, as to
what the Indian law was and is in reference to divorce, seems to show that an
expressed determination of either husband or wife to sever the matrimonial
connection, accompanied by an actual separation (at least if not objected to by
the other party and submitted to by the other party) amounted to a divorce.
Having thus stated what I find and conclude is the
Indian law applicable to the case, applying that law, I find from the evidence
that in 1849 or 1850 Che-Cop-Kis-Sa and Na-Ja-No-Qua, before and up to that
time, man and wife, separated by consent. They were divorced according to the
Indian law. After that they occupied separate lodges, living apart, until in
1868, when, after Na-Ja-No-Qua removed to Soldier creek, Che-Cop-Kis-Sa and
Pe-Tah, who were then living together as man and wife, and had been so living
together since 1849 or 1850 (under a proved agreement to live together), followed
her, and the three for the remaining months of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa’s life, occupied
the same lodge, but, as is proved, Che-Cop-Kis-Sa and Na-Ja-No-Qua, not
claiming to be man and wife, but she occupying a different part of the lodge
from that he and Pe-Tah occupied.
This disposes of the claim of Cup-Pah, Wah-Kas, and
Arch-Ange; they only claiming on the theory that Na-Ja-No-Qua was the widow of
Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, it follows that they are not his heirs.
Pe-Tah then, having proved her marriage with
Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, immediately after his divorce in 1849, or 1850, would seem to
be the surviving widow and sole heir.
But it is claimed that her marriage with
Che-Cop-Kis-Sa was void; that at the time she and Che-Cop-Kis-Sa were married,
she was the wife of another man (Little Jo), and that she could not therefore
be legally married to Che-Cop-Kis-Sa.
It is proved that before this time she was the wife of
Little Jo, and that he, Little Jo, was living when she married Che-Cop-Kis-Sa.
If then she was not, before that time, divorced from Little Jo, her marriage
with Che-Cop-Kis-Sa must be held to be null, at least as long as Little Jo
lived. It is proved that he died “long ago”—“after he bit her in the nose,”
which was while they were living together. It is proved that for some time, I
think about two years next previous to her marriage with Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, she
lived single, separated from Little Jo, and not having or claiming to have any
husband. I think that under a fair construction of the Indian law referred to,
this is sufficient evidence of a divorce from Little Jo, and that therefore her
marriage with Che-Cop-Kis-Sa must be held to be legal.
But there is another (and perhaps better) reason why
her marriage with Che-Cop-Kis-Sa must be held to be a lawful marriage at the
time of his death. As a question of fact, I must hold that the evidence fairly
proves that Little Jo died before the time of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa’s death, and while
he and Pe-Tah were living together as man and wife. This being the case—and
applying the Indian law—it seems that the marriage must be held valid from the
time of Little Jo’s death—even if there had been no divorce. From that time
Che-Cop-Kis-Sa and Pe-Tah were living together as man and wife under a clearly
implied agreement so to do. There was, from that time, an implied contract and
an actual consummation of the contract. And this, under the Indian law, was
marriage.
It must be held that Pe-Tah was the widow and sole
heir of Che-Cop-Kis-Sa, and the decision of the probate court is therefore affirmed.
This is a case in which the court has a discretionary
power in awarding costs. I shall award no costs against Anderson, the
administrator. In this appeal he was not personally interested and in appealing
seems to have acted on the theory that it was his duty to appeal. Without his
appeal the whole case would have been presented to the court by Cup-Pah’s
appeal. I shall direct that Cup-Pah and Pe-Tah each pay the costs of the
witnesses they have respectively summoned; that the costs of the officers of
this court and of the judge of probate for the transcript, be paid out of the
fund in the administrator’s hands, and that the probate judge allow that amount
as a credit to the administrator upon producing vouchers for such payment. JOHN
T. MORTON, Judge.
FROM
THE BORDER.
The
Kansas Militia March Into the Indian Territory.
An
Indian Pow-Wow on Pond Creek.
Organizing
Companies For the Protection of the Border.
The Commonwealth, July 23, 1874.
Editorial Correspondence of the Commonwealth.
With a view to completing the military history of
Kansas to the latest date we continue our recital of the marches and adventures
of the mounted militia along the southern border with the notes of a short
scout into the interior of the Indian Territory with all other happenings of
interest in the brief but important campaign. My last letter left the militia
in camp at Caldwell, and contained some account of the origin and scope of the
Indian troubles, and made cursory mention of a grand council of all the nomadic
tribes of the Territory in the region of the Red Hills, which supposedly
resulted in decisions on the part of the Indians of the highest importance to
the white settlers on the border and to the government. It is my purpose in
this letter to continue the relation of the occurrences of the campaign up to
the return of the militia to Wichita and the stacking of arms at that place,
for a time at least. I may then conclude the series by a brief general
consideration of the Indian question, as I had opportunity to study and learn
it during my sojourn in the southwest.
On Tuesday, the 14th, Agent Miles, of the
Cheyenne and Arapahos, the gentleman who has since become famous as the martyr
to the Quaker policy of concealing the truth concerning the Indians, came into
Major Upham’s cavalry camp, on Bluff creek, to inquire as to the intentions of
the military department respecting escorts for Laflin’s and other
transportation trains containing Indian supplies going down the Fort Sill
cattle trail. Major Upham informed Mr. Miles that he had ordered Capt. Carter
with a company of infantry to march to Sewell’s ranch, where the train was then
lying waiting for safe conduct, and to escort it to the agencies where the
goods were destined. In that connection, the Major said that he was going to
take a scout into the Territory the next day and would visit Sewell’s Ranch and
consult with Mr. Laflin and find out what apprehensions caused his delay. As to
other trains Mr. Miles was informed that if he would mass them into large
trains, he would furnish escorts, but could not spare the men to take two or
three wagon loads at a time. Mr. Miles promised to bring his wagons all
together at Caldwell for a large quantity of supplies that were then being
shipped from Kansas City, and then took his leave, returning to Lawrence to
attend the yearly meeting of the Society of Friends. From our brief
conversation with him, we judged him to be a man of superior intelligence, of
practical notions and sound judgment, and by far the most creditable
representative of the Quaker policy in the Territory.
Learning of Major Upham’s intention to scout down the
trail, Adjutant General Morris expressed a desire to accompany him, which was
readily acceded to, and the militia were ordered to improvise pack-saddles and
prepare three days’ rations to be packed on mules. Rising early the cavalry
column, supplemented and fortified by the mounted militia, who barring the
uniform, looked and bore themselves like old soldiers, was got under motion and
marched into the Territory just as the sun was rising. The only accident that
happened to enliven and diversify the day’s march was the breaking away of one
of the mules belonging to the militia. His hind foot caught in a prairie dog’s
hole, and in recovering himself, he started full speed across the prairie,
kicking at imaginary dash boards and barn doors every ten feet. He finally
succeeded in relieving himself of his pack, in doing which his heels came in
contact with a box of hard tack, which he turned into kindling in the shortest
possible order, scattering the bread over an area of an acre or more.
We marched about eight miles west of the cattle trail
in a southerly direction, expecting that we might encounter a rendezvous of
horse thieves supposed to be in that direction. Maj. Upham sent out two
flankers to reconnoiter on the right, and Capt. Tucker, of the militia, sent
out two to prospect the left horizon for moving and suspicious objects. In this
order we marched all day over a dry, arid prairie, covered with short brown
grass, seeing antelope now and then in the distance, and buffalo once or twice,
but apart from these no moving object or sign of habitation. We rested at noon
on Osage creek, whose banks were of red clay, and whose tepid water was tinged
with the same hue. Hard by were a few old poles and the debris of a tepee,
where Osage Indians had been jerking buffalo meat. We passed the mouth of the
Pole Cat about two miles and a half, to our left, crossed another branch of the
Osage, and reached camp at the confluence of Osage and Pond creek, about a mile
from Sewell’s Ranch, at half-past four in the afternoon, having marched about
thirty-five miles. Shortly after our arrival in camp, we heard that the
flankers to the right sent out by Major Upham from his troop, Sergeant Marshall
and Corporal Desch by name, had captured an Indian riding alone over the
prairie and were bringing him into camp. Shortly afterwards they arrived,
bringing in a large, square-built, stolid specimen of the Osage, tricked out in
red blanket and ear-rings, carrying an old muzzle-loading rifle and wearing a
military hat. He answered to the name of Buffalo John, spoke English with
tolerable fluency, and no doubt understood it much better than he spoke it.
While Major Upham was endeavoring to get some talk out of him, a small man with
thin face covered with a thick beard, coatless but otherwise habited as to
color in drab even to his hat, and wearing a standing collar of said cut,
stepped officiously forward, and took up the thread of aboriginal conversation.
When Buffalo John betrayed an intention of saying something, this newcomer
would take the words out of his mouth and pervert what he had said or prevent
him from saying anything at all. We found out that this personage was a Quaker
by the name of Witherill, who held the office of trail agent of the Osages, a
well paid sinecure. His duties as far as we could learn about them were for the
most part to act as quasi arbitrator with the Osages in all cases where petitions
for damages are filed against the tribe, in such a matter, for instance, as the
“cutting out” of twenty head of Texas cattle and the killing of a cowboy in
performing the maneuver. In all cases, Mr. Witherill finds it not only to his
pecuniary interest but largely subservient to his personal safety to stand in
with the Indians, which he is universally charged with doing by people on the
trail. He was sent out some days before to call in the Osages, who were off
their reservation killing buffalo, but knowing them as well as he did and
setting high store by his fine head of hair, got no farther than Sewell’s
Ranche, fearing that even his valuable services as special attorney might not
be proof against the temptation offered by his scalp.
Before this colloquy had gone far, it was interrupted
by an announcement that a number of Indians were coming from the direction of
the ranch towards the camp. A detail of cavalry was sent out to bring them in,
and presently there rode towards the officers’ camp “Sassy (Saucy) Chief,” a
chieftain of the Osages, followed by a number of his band. Alighting from their
ponies, they passed around the circle, offering their hands to shake to each in
turn. Major Upham refused to perform this ceremony after he had shaken hands
with three, and the savages seated themselves cross-legged, a la grand
seigneur, on the grass. Major Upham looked around for an interpreter, when
Mr. Witherill stepped forward with the air of one who proposed to boss the job.
Major Upham firmly and plainly intimated to the trail agent that he proposed
talking with these Indians himself, and in his own way, and invited Mr.
Witherill to adorn the remote background with his person and hold his tongue.
Buffalo John was then brought into requisition as an interpreter, and something
like the following big talk ensued in due and ample form. “Tell Sassy Chief,”
said Upham, “that the white man has grown tired shaking hands.”
This was conveyed to Sassy Chief, and produced a
slight glimmer of sensation on the stolid countenances of the Osages. “Tell him
that the great chief at Washington is angry because the Indians have killed his
white children on the frontier, and that the great chief of Kansas is very
angry and has sent his second chief down here with warriors to find out who
killed his white friends and punish them.” This was duly translated by Buffalo
John into the halting gutturals of the Osage tongue. In reply to a question why
he was off his reservation, Sassy Chief said that they had been out hunting and
jerking buffalo, but had been called in, and they were on their way to their
agency. Forty lodges of Osages were encamped on the Salt Fork a few miles away.
Major Upham in a few well chosen words adapted to the
aboriginal vocabulary and understanding, told them that the young men of the
Osages had been out on the war parties with the Kiowas and Comanches and other
wild Indians; that the murder of the four teamsters near Baker’s Ranche was
committed in part by Osages; and that a mourning party of nineteen Osages had
murdered three white settlers at Medicine Lodge. Of all this Sassy Chief avowed
his ignorance. Major Upham asked Sassy Chief if he did not know that a council
of all the wild tribes had been held in the Red Hills? (No answer.) Major Upham
asked if Sassy Chief was not aware that Chetopah’s band, Black Dog’s band, and
Big Hill’s band of Little Osages were represented in this council? (No answer.)
Major Upham asked Sassy Chief if he did not know that young braves of the
Osages had gone in with these other Indians to raid transportation trains bound
for the lower agencies for sugar and coffee? (No answer.) All these question
were duly interpreted to Sassy Chief, who made no response. “If I were to ask
the Kiowa, the Cheyenne, or the Comanche the same questions,” said Major Upham,
“I would receive the same reply.” Sassy Chief was offended; he threw himself on
the grass with an air of inexpressible hauteur and said nothing, but looked the
picture of wounded dignity. Major Upham continued: “Tell Sassy Chief that the
white man is on the warpath, and that when he goes out, he won’t know an Osage
from a Cheyenne if he finds him off his reservation. The Indians have had
plenty of time to jerk their buffalo and dry their plums; and if they do not at
once go on their reservations, the white man will deem them hostile Indians and
treat them as such.” This he emphasized, telling the Osages present that the
white men were not hunting for friendly Indians and the only way they could
tell an unfriendly one was to find him off his reservation. He turned to
Witherill, who listened skeptically, and told him he meant it, and impressed
upon that worthy the necessity of making it plain, and pointed to the Indians.
Witherill began his excuses for the Osages, which were cut short, and he
promised to see that they all moved without delay. The next day a large band of
Indians, with squaws, ponies, and other impediments, moved across the prairie
on their way to their sanctuary, showing that the big talk was as Sassy Chief
said at its conclusion, “Good,” and had taken early and active effect. At the
conclusion of the pow-wow, an Indian advanced with a present of choice jerked
buffalo for Adjutant General Morris, to whom the Osages paid the greatest
deference. The compliment was returned in the shape of a small quantity of
coffee, sugar, and cigars; which were received with all dignity, and duly
bestowed in that omnium gatherum of all aboriginal portable property, the
blanket. After a brief interchange of courtesies with Delany, Upham’s Italian chef
de cuisine, they mounted their ponies with a farewell, “How,” and rode out
of camp. Laflin came into camp towards evening and announced his train ready to
move whenever an escort should be furnished him. He said that “four
long-haired” Indians, supposed to be Cheyennes, had been seen lurking in the
vicinity the day before, evidently employed in reconnoitering the movements of
the train. Major Upham told him of the coming of the infantry company and told
him to be ready to start as soon as arrived on Sunday morning.
The cavalry and militia slept on their arms that night
in readiness for an attack. About 3 o’clock in the morning the camp was aroused
by a brisk fall of rain. Everyone crawled out of his moist blanket, shook
himself into his clothing, prepared a hasty cup of coffee, and began the return
march up the cattle trail. On the way up, and about six miles out, we met Capt.
Carter’s company marching towards Sewell’s Ranch.
Major Upham had devised an ambuscade, which he gave
Capt. Carter verbal orders to carry out. He was to conceal his men in the
wagons, which could be easily done, and to keep them as much concealed as
possible. The Cheyennes, Kiowas, and the rest may catch a tartar if they should
attempt to molest this train. Camp was reached at nightfall, and the next day
was given to rest. The militia were ordered to break camp at about 4 o’clock
and marched ten miles out towards Arkansas City, and encamped. In the morning
we bid farewell to Major Upham and his associate officers of Company E,
Lieutenants J. B. Kerr and Sebree Smith. They placed us under infinite
obligations by their generous hospitality and courtesy. In this connection we
cannot refrain a few words more in reference to the admirable system of signal
stations devised by Major Upham, and which the topography of the country
marvelously favors. By this means he has perfect reconnaissance of twenty miles
on either side of the cattle trail along the border, covering in point of fact
all settlements that are in any sort of danger of molestation. The country west
in Harper County is utterly uninhabited, the nearest settlements westward being
on Medicine Lodge in Barbour County, a district which will soon be well
protected by military, as it is by militia organizations. Major Upham proposes
to extend his pickets further out shortly, placing at the outposts gatling
guns, which will enable a handful of men to protect the signal station against
a legion of savages. Two of these gatling guns passed through Wichita on the
day of our return. On Monday last Major Upham went on a scout up through Harper
County to Medicine Lodge. In this connection we would strongly suggest that
another company of cavalry is necessary on this line to scout up through the
Medicine Lodge in connection with Major Upham’s company, which has enough to do
to police the cattle trail and scout through the Territory.
I forgot to mention that before leaving Caldwell,
Adjutant General Morris organized a picked company of men, enrolled and armed
them with Sharp’s improved carbines.
We arrived at South Haven at 10 o’clock on Saturday,
where we were met by Mr. J. R. Musgrove and Col. Hunter, who had organized a
company of seventy-five men. These were enrolled by Capt. Morris, and they were
promised arms at the earliest moment. At Arkansas City, where we camped that
evening, we were met by Prof. H. B. Norton and Captain Norton, his brother, the
latter a thorough frontiersman. Here another company of picked men was
organized and enrolled. Everywhere on our march we saw the signs of the panic
and conversed with scores of settlers. We informed them all of the preparations
for defense that had been made, and left confidence restored in great measure
behind us. The next day we marched by way of the towns of Belle Plaine and
Oxford to Bitter Creek, where we encamped, twenty-three miles from Wichita, and
a brisk march the next day brought us into Wichita, none the worse “even in the
estimation of a hair.” The expedition was in the largest sense an important
one. It had the most salutary effect on the settlers of the border, impressing
them with the comforting assurance that the state of their adoption was
concerned for their well-being and safety, and would use every means at its
command to protect their lives and property. It resulted in saving at least one
thousand settlers to the state of Kansas who, disturbed by constant rumors all
the more alarming by reason of their vagueness, were impelled to seek safety in
removal. It was by no means a causeless scare, nor has the danger of a general
Indian outbreak at all subsided. The Quaker agents of the Territory and their
associates are sleeping on a volcano. We will, in a subsequent letter, tell
what we learned from old frontiersmen, residents on the cattle trail, and from
Major Upham, who, though used to Indian fighting, shares their apprehensions
for good reasons of his own. Suffice it in this to say that Capt. Tucker’s
company of militia, as good a body of men as ever sat astride a horse, may yet
be called upon to make forced marches to the border to find the fight they
missed on this trip. Capt. Morris issued a special order at Wichita highly
complimenting Capt. Tucker and Lieutenants Mike Meagher and Cash Henderson and
the men under them for their services to the state. We were out ten days from
Wichita during which time we marched 249 miles, an average of over twenty-four
miles per day, which is much better than the regular cavalry are accustomed to
do. W. H. R.
FROM
THE FRONT.
The
Indian Scare Subsiding.
False
Reports and Exaggerations Corrected.
Resumption
of Business.
Return
of Gold Hunters from San Juan, Etc.
The Commonwealth, July 22, 1874.
From Our Regular Correspondent.
SARGENT,
KANSAS, July 21, 1874.
There is no material change to note in the situation
of affairs on this part of the line. With a little variation I might adopt the
language that used to indicate dull times for correspondents on the Potomac,
and say all quiet on the Arkansas. It is not definitely known where the hostile
Indians are at present, though it is generally believed that the war parties
recently depredating along the line of the Arkansas and Medicine Lodge are now
paying their respects to the citizens of southern Colorado and New Mexico. The
people who have heretofore been favored with their friendly visits should not
allow themselves to be thrown off their guard, as they are liable to turn up
almost any time where least expected. There is no probability that they will
cease their hostilities while the grass remains good, unless they are hunted
down and whipped into submission. The sugar policy of treating them will have
about as much effect upon them as cold water has upon a duck’s back. The only
“suasion” that is likely to prove efficacious in their case is Sharp’s rifles. They
have a wonderfully subduing effect on the untutored mind. This powerful and
convincing antidote was applied a few years ago by Generals Sheridan and
Custer, who fully understood the nature of the disease, and from time to the
present eruption the Indians have been measurably peaceable. A repetition of
the dose would bring about the same results now.
There can be no assurance of safety for life and
property as long as the present false theories are permitted to dictate the policy
that shall rule our Indian affairs. The Quaker policy has proved an utter and
disgraceful failure, and now the people who have suffered so long at the hands
of these merciless demons, demand that another be inaugurated that shall insure
protection to life as well as property on the border. When one of these Quaker
agents, who has become acquainted with the savage instincts of his “charge,”
and, true to his manhood, tells the truth about them, he is politely notified
that his services are no longer required. If others should happen to deviate
into the same channel of truth and unwillingly to debase themselves for the
sake of being continued in office, they would doubtless share a like fate at
the hands of the sanctimonious peace commissioners, who seem to think there
have only been a few horse thieves killed anyhow. If there were only horse
thieves killed, the people of the frontier would rejoice; but unfortunately for
them and the cause of the peace commissioners, this rarely happens. This class
of outlaws in time of Indian disturbances are found allied with the especial
favorites of the commissioners.
Travel has again commenced, and it is hoped there may
be no further interruption. Emigrants are beginning to come back from the gold
regions. They give anything but encouraging accounts of the country, and say
that nine-tenths of those who go there, and who can, will return. Everything is
exorbitantly high, corn selling at five dollars per bushel, and flour at ten
and twelve dollars per hundred, groceries proportionately dear. Many of these
returning emigrants, who have been led to believe there was a fortune in store
for them in the sterile, rainless regions of Colorado, express a determination
to settle in northwestern Kansas, where they say they know enough can be raised
to live on.
It is perhaps unavoidable that in times of unusual
excitement many absurd rumors and ridiculous misstatements should find their
way into the public press. For instance, I notice among late dispatches a man
by the name of Albert Lessenger had been killed by the Indians two miles from
this place. Albert is one of the liveliest cowboys on the river, and says if he
has been scalped, he does not know anything about it.
The same dispatch says that the Indians were burning
bridges and doing a whole lot of other naughty things along the line of the
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe railroad. There was but one bridge burned, and
this did not interfere with the regular running of trains. A few minutes delay
in the transfer of baggage, passengers, etc., while the bridge was being
rebuilt was all the interruption experienced. This is all the damage that has
been done to the road, and the party of six that did the burning were all the
Indians that have been seen north of the river before or since.
There is room for almost indefinite amplification on
this head, but the foregoing will serve as samples of the reckless character of
many of the dispatches sent to the eastern press by irresponsible scribblers
anxious to create a little sensation. T.
AGENT
MILES REFUSES TO RESIGN.
The Commonwealth, July 24, 1874.
We were yesterday shown a letter announcing the
determination of the agent of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians, Mr. Miles, to
pay no attention whatever to the officious and impertinent request of his
Quaker brethren that he resign. The reason advanced in the resolution adopted
at the yearly meeting of the Society of Friends at Lawrence for Mr. Miles’
resignation was, that he had allowed his fear to influence him in his dispatch
to the interior department, and in asking for soldiers to protect the white men
of the border from scalping; he had departed from the peaceful tenets of the
non-combatant order to which he belongs and which he is supposed to represent.
We propose shortly to give the real reasons why the Quakers sue Quakers as
Agent Gibson and Beede for instance, view with special aversion any man who
tells the truth about the Indians of the Territory. We have heard it credibly
reported that the day before Agent Miles left the Territory, an Arapaho Indian
of Big Mouth’s band came into the agency, and brandishing the bloody and
recently taken scalp of Wm. Watkins in Miles’ face, told him he had better
leave or he would meet the same fate. Any white man was certainly in danger at
the time, and the murder and scalping of the four teamsters as related by Miles
in his dispatches was strictly true. He is conceitedly an efficient and honest
man, something infrequent in Indian agents, and his daring to tell the truth
and admitting that a military force was necessary for the protection of white
men on the cattle trail and on the border entitles him to the confidence of the
government in an especial degree. As Commissioner Smith says in a letter
published elsewhere, “he has done nothing more than ordinary prudence required
him to do, and certainly nothing that the government does not thank him for
doing.” We cannot see, therefore, what color of right the yearly meeting of
Quakers have to ask one of the very few honest and efficient agents to resign
for doing his simple duty, or why Agent Miles should obey any such impudent and
cheeky request. He has done very right in concluding to retain his office while
he may be useful in it.
AGENT
MILES’ CONDUCT.
Commissioner
Smith Comes Forward to His Defense.
The Commonwealth, July 24, 1874.
Special Dispatch to the St. Louis Democrat.
Washington, July 21. The commissioner of Indian
affairs has written the following letter to Zodok Street, a leading member of
the Society of Friends, in regard to the action of that body in demanding the
resignation of Agent Miles, of their denomination, because he called on the
military for aid in protecting his agency in Kansas:
DEP’T
INTR. OFFICE INDIAN AFFAIRS, July 20, 1874.
SIR: I have your letter of the 18th with
reference to marauding Indians of the Indian Territory. Since writing it you
have probably seen that the Friends in the executive committee at Lawrence have
requested Agent Miles to resign, on account of the position he has taken with
reference to these troubles. This is a great injustice to agent Miles and, if
insisted upon, will work great harm to the peace policy. If it comes to be
understood that the moment an agent takes a position like that of Agents Miles
and Tatum, in favor of law and order, he is to lose his position in
A
KIND OF DISGRACE
with the Society of Friends, it will be impossible to
administer affairs through the Society of Friends in the Indian Territory. I
regard Agent Miles as the best agent, with possibly one exception, that the Friends
have in the field, and he has done nothing more than ordinary prudence required
him to do, and certainly nothing that the government does not thank him for
doing. Measures are being taken to put all these agencies in a condition of
defense, for the protection of all those Indians who remain loyal, and the
punishment of those who persist in marauding.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
E.
P. SMITH, Commissioner.
THE
CRUSADE IN RENO COUNTY.
The Commonwealth, July 24, 1874.
HUTCHINSON,
RENO COUNTY, KANSAS, July 21.
To the Editor of the Commonwealth.
The crusade that has turned some of the eastern states
upside down hath appeared here also; but unlike in the east, the ladies have
taken no active part. A man in this city a short time ago started a beer and
soda saloon. The beer, he claims (and I think rightly), is a temperance drink,
but some of our saints thought otherwise, and the result was that this offender
got fined fifty dollars and costs. How true is the old epigram:
Laws like spiders’ webs are wrought—
Great rogues are freed; little ones are caught.
We have drug stores in this city that sell whiskey,
bottled ale, gin, brandy, etc., for medicinal purposes, but no prescription is
required, however small or large the quantity required. Judging from the amount
of the aforesaid medicines sold by these druggists, the amount of sickness in
this locality must be appalling indeed. Now why should these brave and
religious reformers attack this saloon-keeper, poor crippled soldier as he is,
whose beer, if intoxicating, is infinitely less injurious than 40-rod whiskey,
and does not molest these clandestine medicine-venders. At a glance it looks
more like a petty spite—a cheap bid for popularity or the result of some
selfish motive other than the promptings of sincere morality.
ONE
WHO IS NOT INTERESTED, BUT LIKES FAIR PLAY.
CURRENT
POLITICS.
Hon.
C. V. Eskridge on Prominent Public Topics.
The Commonwealth, July 24, 1874.
We make the following extracts from the able and
eloquent oration delivered by Hon. C. V. Eskridge at Arkansas City on the 4th.
THE
FINANCES.
Whether there should be an increase of the volume of
currency at this time, I very much doubt. Perhaps the amount now authorized,
with the distribution as required by the recent law, may be sufficient to meet
all the legitimate demands. However, I can see no good results in the general
business interests of the country in a policy looking to the rapid contraction
of the currency or the immediate resumption of specie payment. Therefore, as it
appears to me, the policy upon this question most consistent with the interests
of the west and not inconsistent with the interests of the entire country, is gradual
resumption. By keeping resumption steadily in view, we are not as likely to
depart as far from the line of policy which will enable us ultimately to reach
it as we might if we failed to keep a specie basis as our guiding star. But if,
in the meantime, an emergency should require an increase of the currency, I can
see no reason why it should not be authorized. The policy of immediate
resumption would undoubtedly prove detrimental to the prosperity of the people.
In the defeat of such a policy, there is no danger of repudiation. This vast
country of ours, with its inexhaustible resources, can find no pretext, even,
for repudiation.
With reference to this point the alarmists themselves
are not alarmed, and therefore no one else should be. What is true of the whole
country with respect to its undeveloped resources is especially true of the
west. It is but a new section of the country. Its settlement is rapidly going
on and its development but just commenced. To provide itself with schools,
bridges, public buildings, and railroads, it has, to some extent, become debtor
to the east. This indebtedness was incurred at a time when the newer western
states could hardly be said to have had a credit in the money markets of the
world, and they were therefore, of necessity, compelled to place their loans at
some disadvantage in comparison with the older and wealthier states; and at a
time, also, when the currency
[OUCH!
SOME OF THIS IS MISSING.]
The last part of the Eskridge article (given above)
ends as follows:
I am not opposed to international improvements by the
general government, but I must confess to a little conservatism on such
questions, and believe that before the people become involved in such a system
as was recently presented in the senate of the United States, we should
consider the cost, reverse the paddle wheels of public sentiment, and save
ourselves from a sea of trouble. It might be well to wait for a more honest era
to dawn on the American people. I doubt very much whether the country is in a
condition, financially or morally, to prosecute a successful and satisfactory
termination of a system so vast as the one recommended by the transportation
committee. While I would not, therefore, demand that all such work should stop,
yet through the speaking trumpets of the old ship of state, I would call to the
engineers to go slow.
Now, as to a policy for southern and southwestern
Kansas upon this question, permit me to say that whatever congress may do in
providing a system of artificial water ways for the cheap transportation of
western products fifteen hundred miles to eastern markets, we should cast our
eyes to the gulf, about one-half the distance; and following up the Mississippi
river, we may consider New Orleans less than one-half the distance; or Memphis,
less than one-fourth the distance, or even Ft. Smith, less than twelve hundred
miles from where we are today, at which point both water and railroad
transportation in competition all the year round will soon be available for
Memphis, New Orleans, and Galveston. The most practicable thing, it appears to
me, for southern and southwestern Kansas to do, and perhaps for the whole
state, is to seek and strive for such facilities by railroad competition as
will at the least cost and in the shortest time enable us to reach the
Mississippi at some point nor higher than St. Louis, when, by the cheaper
method of water transportation, we shall find an outlet through the gulf.
[Note: It appears that as early as 1874 Eskridge and
others realized how valuable it would be to have steamboats as a means of cheap
transportation.]
Dr. Dicks is hard at work finding more data covering
the early years which we are unable to recover from the local newspapers as
they were never put on microfilm. I cannot thank him enough.
I have tried to give the spelling used now for Indian
tribes such as the Arapaho or Arapahos rather than “Arapahoe or Arapahoes.”
Many changes have been made in the last century, and it easy to err. You will
notice, for instance, that Grenada is used as well as Granada. I did not change
these words inasmuch as in those days different people spelled them that way.
To fill in the gap between 1869 and 1876 (when county
papers were put on microfilm) would be absolutely marvelous to those of us
interested in the history of Cowley County. As I research the old county
newspapers available to us, I find the early years utterly fascinating. I am
utterly appalled at the “fiction” that has cropped up, which distorts the true
events as they transpired. Cowley County was indeed the gateway to Indian
Territory, a fact that is not apparent to many who live here now. MAW